The Beach Boys :: Art

The shore BoysThe Beach Boys formed in 1961. The band members are Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson who are solely brothers, Al Jardine and Mike Love. All moreover Al Jardine lived in Los Angelas. They were first called the Pendletones which was a shirt brand , but a record label executive named them the Beach Boys. One of their first big hits was Surfin that was credited for starting the surfing craze. 1962 they released the album Surfin Safari with the song Surfin Safari hitting the U.S Top 40. 1963 Surfin U.S.A reached 3 on the charts. surfer Girl ended the the albums surfer cycle. Both the album and single made U.S filch 10. Their next two albums, Little Deuce Coupe, and Shut Down, went heights on the U.S album charts. Mid 1964 the song I Get Around off of the album All Summer Long became their first U.S No.1 and their first UK top 10 hit. The year closed with album Beach Boys Concert which became their first Us chart topping LP. Brian underwent the first of several nervous br eakdowns and withdrew from regular touring for xii years. He was first replaced by Glenn Campell and then later permanently replaced by Bruce Johnson. A re-recording of Help Me Rhonda became the groups second No.1 hit. California Girls almost became a No.1 but never did. Free from touring Brian began to take more time writing and recording a attitude found in the album Beach Boys Party. 1966 pamper Sounds was one of the finest recorded by the Beach Boys. Off that album the songs Sloop John B, God Only Knows, Wouldnt it be Nice, and Caroline, No all reached U.S top 40. Then they released their most famous song Good Vibrations costing them $50,000. Mid 1967 an abandoned album smiling was produced put was still bootlegged. Then produced Smiley Smile which was an album which was almost identical as Smile. Off of Smiley Smile the song Heroes & Villains made top 20 Their Popularity was declining with the albums Wild Honey, Friends and 20/20 selling fewer and fewer copies and concert cr owds thinned. 1968s Do it again was their last U.S Top 20 single for eight more years. 1970 their contract with Capitol Records expire and they then were offered their own record label Brother Records through Warner-Reprise. They produced their first album with the new management called Sunflower it was a critical success but a commercial disaster.

Australia :: Australia Research Papers

AustraliaAustralia, the continent down under, filled with kangaroos, koala bears, and many more(prenominal) unique creatures. I always wanted to go to Australia, but never knew much about it, like the history behind it, and what there really is to do. So I decided to research it and talk to muckle that are familiar with it.I started my search off by looking in an encyclopedia called cyclopedia International and looked up Australia. The encyclopedia was written back in 1970 but things have changed since that time. The general information about Australia did not change though, such as the temperatures, the types of animals and birds that live there, and geographic facts. This article did not give me enough information so I kept on looking. I then got online and went to the search engine Dogpile and looked up Australia. I got tons of matches for my search, but found an interesting site. (www.australia.com) This was the official site for Australia, so that is why it is so reliable. It was loaded with information about nigh everything in Australia that I wanted to learn more about. It discussed the places to see, things to do, exotic experiences, food and wine, and the nightlife in Australia. The site still left some details out that I was still looking for such as what kinds of shopping is there to do, what the Australians are like, etc.After learning more about Australia, I called Liberty trip out in Harrisburg and spoke to a very nice lady named Helen Andrews. Helen explained that she was once there many years ago, but has sent numerous people there recently. So Helen could give me a lot of great information I was looking for. She gave me a website to look up. She said it is wonderful and has very computable information. Thanks to her, I found out what airline to take to Australia and what the best way to get around the continent is. Helen was a huge helpI got back online to check out the website (www.trafagar.com) that Helen gave to me. It was loaded with all types of tours of Australia. It had all the prices, what you would be doing, how long the trip would be and so on. Each tour was very diametrical and exciting. It also had the full itinerary of each tour as well, which was very helpfulI still remained online to discover another interesting and informative website.

What its Like to be a Black Girl by Patricia Smith Essay -- Papers Sm

An explanation in its purest form of What its like to be a Black Girl (for those of you who arent) by Patricia Smith, is just that, an explanation. From the commencement exercise three syllables First of all, the author gives a sense of a story being told. She uses jagged sentence structure and strong forceful language to also show the reader the seriousness of her topic. Smiths poem gives the audience an insiders view into a young black girls transition into black woman-hood at a time where both being a black girl and a black woman was not as welcomed.Puberty is usually specify by the biological changes a young boy or girls body undertakes around the age of 9 up until about 14. Its being 9 years old and feeling like youre not finished, writes Smith, like your edges are wild, like theres something, everything, wrong. (Smith, 4) These thoughts have run around the minds of close to every puberty stricken youngster. However, Smiths subject seems to also have the added pressures o f a racially jagged society. This black girl she refers to in her poem is feeling the rigorousness of...

The Environmental Impact of Water Reservoirs Essay -- Environmental Im

A pissing supply beginning is a human-made lake that is created when a river is dammed to serve one or more purposes, such as to generate hydropower production, provide a piddle supply for drinking, irrigation, and flood protection (www.eea.europa.eu). The effects of water reservoirs on the environment have excited controversy since their introduction. Though water reservoirs can create many sought out improvements for a society it can detrimentally push natural habitats and father a number of environmental complications. The debate on whether water reservoirs are truly beneficial or harmful towards human populations is ongoing as freshly projects like the Three Gorges in China are concluded. In the following essay I will be giving a critical brush up on the various negatives that arise from the creation of a water reservoir.The creation of a water reservoir will have a significant impact on the natural habitats that existed prior to its building. The surroundings around the unsaved will be inundated and reclaimed as part of the newly created water reservoir. The runoff of the initial filling of the reservoir will cause the alert plant life to die and decompose. For the first years stabilization will take propose where the rotting plant life eat ups an abundance of carbon rearwards into the atmosphere. Further on, the decomposing of plant material that settles at the bottom of the reservoir will piddle and release large amounts of methane. A weakness to the argument that a water reservoir is green-friendly. Not only does local plant life and animal life confirm from this loss of land, the river itself is affected through vaporization. A water reservoir creates a greater surface area by which more water is evaporated and depleted from the ... ...an produce a pollution factor comparable to that of an oil determined power plant. Works Citedhttp//dams.org/httpwww.newscientist.com/article/dn7046http//www.cdc.gov/hab/cyanobacteria/facts.htmhttp//ww w.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/pha/DonnaReservoir/DonnaReservoirPublicCommentPHA06302010.pdfhttp//www.eea.europa.eu/themes/water/european-waters/reservoirs-and-damshttp//www.newscientist.com/article/dn7046http//www.internationalrivers.org/en/node/1636http//docs.google.com/ informant?a=v&q=cacheJkl8Z9b7mFYJrdgs.dk/djg/pdfs/103/1/09.pdf+flood+ ceding back+cropping+reservoir&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjo6QDhkvxWgGiBUo92nXL0IwSNtOE_8trCQT_BL5cyXA07KOy-lWH0oV1GNfDtvFH8eYFSww2TwOR2S-ExPDaiUAwpjnLrp1BR00lZKejjXiVrCo8Ee4i9yo9OLSWjFISQ0gGz&sig=AHIEtbRopK9vzHwGeWcwyFlZ-WIkBylIvA (Flood-recession cropping) http//www.cdc.gov/parasites/schistosomiasis/disease.html The Environmental Impact of piddle Reservoirs Essay -- Environmental ImA water reservoir is a human-made lake that is created when a river is dammed to serve one or more purposes, such as to generate hydropower production, provide a water supply for drinking, irrigation, and flood protection (www.eea.europa.eu). The effects o f water reservoirs on the environment have stirred controversy since their introduction. Though water reservoirs can create many sought out improvements for a society it can detrimentally impact natural habitats and spawn a number of environmental complications. The debate on whether water reservoirs are truly beneficial or harmful towards human populations is ongoing as new projects like the Three Gorges in China are concluded. In the following essay I will be giving a critical review on the various negatives that arise from the creation of a water reservoir.The creation of a water reservoir will have a significant impact on the natural habitats that existed prior to its building. The surroundings around the damn will be inundated and reclaimed as part of the newly created water reservoir. The runoff of the initial filling of the reservoir will cause the existing plant life to die and decompose. For the first years stabilization will take place where the rotting plant life releases an abundance of carbon back into the atmosphere. Further on, the decomposing of plant material that settles at the bottom of the reservoir will produce and release large amounts of methane. A weakness to the argument that a water reservoir is green-friendly. Not only does local plant life and animal life suffer from this loss of land, the river itself is affected through vaporization. A water reservoir creates a greater surface area by which more water is evaporated and depleted from the ... ...an produce a pollution factor comparable to that of an oil driven power plant. Works Citedhttp//dams.org/httpwww.newscientist.com/article/dn7046http//www.cdc.gov/hab/cyanobacteria/facts.htmhttp//www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/pha/DonnaReservoir/DonnaReservoirPublicCommentPHA06302010.pdfhttp//www.eea.europa.eu/themes/water/european-waters/reservoirs-and-damshttp//www.newscientist.com/article/dn7046http//www.internationalrivers.org/en/node/1636http//docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cacheJkl8Z9b7mFYJrdgs.d k/djg/pdfs/103/1/09.pdf+flood+recession+cropping+reservoir&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjo6QDhkvxWgGiBUo92nXL0IwSNtOE_8trCQT_BL5cyXA07KOy-lWH0oV1GNfDtvFH8eYFSww2TwOR2S-ExPDaiUAwpjnLrp1BR00lZKejjXiVrCo8Ee4i9yo9OLSWjFISQ0gGz&sig=AHIEtbRopK9vzHwGeWcwyFlZ-WIkBylIvA (Flood-recession cropping) http//www.cdc.gov/parasites/schistosomiasis/disease.html

Plato And Love -- :: essays research papers

Preservation of BiodiversityHuman beings have inhabited Earth for just a blink of an eye. Al nigh each ecosystem can provide resources valuable to humans. &8220However, recent reports show that approximately 40 percent of the earth&8217s land surface has been adapted by humanity (Becher). These altered surfaces have provided communities for humans, but the process has destroyed many native species and ecosystems. Global biodiversity is currently in danger. Estimates vary in how fast a species becomes extinct, from &8220one species per day to one species per hour (Howes). In ancient times, geological activities and natural catastrophes would cause the extinction of species. But today, humans cause extinction through the manipulation of land use, contamination and etc. There are many reasons to preserve biodiversity such as medical advances, contributions to their ecosystem and much more. The primary arguments for preserving global biodiversity can be separated into twain categorie s, human motives and natural existence.&8220Preserving a diversity of life on Earth has come to be an accepted goal for many people (Botkin/Keller). Four distinct categories why humans desire to preserve biodiversity are recreational, religious, esthetical/emotive, and economic/intellectual reasons. There are many reasons for preserving biodiversity because of recreation. Children love the sight of exotic animals and other species. The most accommodating site to view a wide variety of species is a zoo and other similar sites. These sites provide jobs and enjoyment for people of all ages. deviation also means the poaching of animals whether or not they are rare. The second reason to preserve biodiversity due to human motives is religion. Preserving a species for religious purposes can be taken two ways. An animal, insect or etc. can be worshipped (i.e. scarab beetles and cats in the days of ancient Egypt) or preserved because a higher being created its existence. Human beings are n ot all- knowing and all-powerful. Decimating a species should not be our choice, but our actions provide this result daily.The next reasons are aesthetic and emotive. These can be described by the positive sensations humans see and feel when viewing a living organism. A dollar amount cannot be placed upon these sensations. Beauty of an organism is not always based upon the same standards. Some people may find trees beautiful to view while others may find them taking up needless space. Current generations of species must be preserved so the future generations of children may enjoy what we enjoy today.

Plato And Love -- :: essays research papers

Preservation of BiodiversityHuman beings have inhabited Earth for just a blink of an eye. Almost any ecosystem digest provide resources valuable to humans. &8220However, recent reports show that approximately 40 percent of the earth&8217s land go forth has been altered by humanity (Becher). These altered surfaces have provided communities for humans, but the process has destroyed legion(predicate) native species and ecosystems. Global biodiversity is currently in danger. Estimates vary in how fast-flying a species becomes extinct, from &8220one species per day to one species per hour (Howes). In antiquated times, geological activities and natural catastrophes would cause the extinction of species. But today, humans cause extinction finished the manipulation of land use, pollution and etc. There are many reasons to preserve biodiversity such as medical advances, contributions to their ecosystem and much more. The primary arguments for preserving global biodiversity can be separ ated into two categories, human motives and natural existence.&8220Preserving a diversity of life on Earth has come to be an accepted goal for many people (Botkin/Keller). Four distinct categories why humans desire to preserve biodiversity are recreational, religious, aesthetic/emotive, and economic/intellectual reasons. There are many reasons for preserving biodiversity because of recreation. Children love the aspect of exotic animals and other species. The most accommodating site to view a wide variety of species is a zoo and other similar sites. These sites provide jobs and pleasure for people of all ages. Recreation also means the poaching of animals whether or not they are rare. The second reason to preserve biodiversity due to human motives is religion. Preserving a species for religious purposes can be taken two ways. An animal, insect or etc. can be worshipped (i.e. scarab beetles and cats in the days of ancient Egypt) or preserved because a higher being created its existe nce. Human beings are not all- knowing and all-powerful. Decimating a species should not be our choice, but our actions provide this impression daily.The next reasons are aesthetic and emotive. These can be described by the positive sensations humans see and feel when viewing a living organism. A dollar amount cannot be placed upon these sensations. Beauty of an organism is not always based upon the same standards. Some people may find trees ravishing to view while others may find them taking up needless space. Current generations of species must be preserved so the future generations of children may taste what we enjoy today.

Schizophrenia

People afflicted with schizophrenic psychosis whitethorn have a sense of reality that is noticeably miscellaneous from the reality perceived and dual-lane by others around them. Schizophrenics, live in a world that is distorted by hallucinations and delusions, so those with schizophrenia may finger frightened, anxious, and unhealthinessed (Smith et al, 2006). Partly collectible to the different reality they experience, shizophrenics argon known to behave differently at various times and events. At times they disregard be distant, detached or even seem preoccupied. Some may sit rigidly, like a stone, unmoving and utterly silent.Other times they may free relentlessly occupied, wide-awake, vigilant, alert, and even hyperactive. schizophrenia is a severe, chronic, and generally disabling brain disease (Smith et al, 2006). While the term schizophrenia literally means split see, it should not be confused with a split or multiple personality. It is more accurately described as a psychosis a type of disease that causes severe mental upheaval that disrupts modal(prenominal) thinking, vocalizations, and deeds. Schizophrenia is supposed to be secondary to a combination of hereditary and environmental factors.The course of schizophrenia, its symptoms, and triggers vary greatly among those who are affected. People with schizophrenia may demonstrate a varied combination of symptoms, triggers, and course. Each of these combinations may produce different clinical pictures. In fact, several(prenominal) clinicians have argued that schizophrenia is in reality a group of separate disorders that share common features or symptoms.Comer (2007) notes that the indication of schizophrenia fall into three main categories imperious symptoms, which are unusual thoughts or perceptions that include hallucinations (disturbances of sensory perception), delusions (false beliefs) and thought disorder.Delusions Delusions are faulty interpretations of reality. Delusions may have b izarre content such as thoughts of beingness controlled by others, ideas of persecution by others, etc.Disordered sentiment and Speech These may include loose associations, neologisms, and clanging.Heightened Perceptions These are feelings of being flooded by sights and sounds, making it impossible to attend to anything important.Hallucinations Hallucinations are faulty sensory perceptions. audile hallucinations are the most common form of hallucinations.Inappropriate Affect Inappropriate affect is smiling when you are sad or livid or bearing a blank look when you should look happy. This may be related to the experience of hallucinations.Negative symptoms, which stands for a loss or a strike in the ability to set about plans, speak, express emotion, or find pleasure in everyday life (Comer 2007). These symptoms are harder to recognize as part of the disorder and fucking be delusive for laziness or depression.Cognitive symptoms (or cognitive deficits), which are problems with attention, certain types of recall, and the executive occupation that allow us to plan and organize. Cognitive deficits can also be punishing to recognize as part of the disorder but are the most debilitating terms of leading a normal life.One may note that the tail end of schizophrenia is psychosis. Psychosis is a state characterized by loss of contact with reality (Comer, 2007). In this condition, the affected persons ability to perceive and act to the environment is significantly disturbed, and it may affect the persons ability to function. Psychotic symptoms may include hallucinations, which are false sensory perceptions and/or delusions which are false beliefs. Psychosis may also be substance-induced or caused by brain injury, but psychosis most commonly appears in diagnoses of schizophrenia. Fowler (2000) notes that normally individuals with psychosis are not conscious of the consequential tie in in the midst of their symptoms, life experiences, desire and beliefs. By processing someone understand his or her problem as partly one of belief and interpretation, rather than factual and current threat, can be beneficialTreatments for SchizophreniaTreatment is aimed at reducing symptoms and preventing psychotic relapses and is believed to be most effective when begun early in the course of the illness. Schizophrenia is initally treated with antipsychotic drug medication (Comer, 2007). Once sharp symptoms have lessened, a combination of medicine and psycho hearty/rehabilitation interventions can be beneficial. As a chronic condition, disease caution is life-long process.Barrow (2005) states that the most common new medications currently prescribed are risperidone (Risperdal), olanzapine (Zyprexa, Zydis), quetiapine (Seroquel), ziprasidone (Geodon). And then there is aripiprazole (Abilify), which acts in a different way on the brain than others. all told these drugs block dopamine in those parts of the brain where excessive dopamine is causative t o psychosis. They mainly diminish substantiating symptoms, but they may also help with negative symptoms. Counseling, psychotherapy and social rehabilitation can help with more of what we call negative symptoms. Although Barrow notes that this often gets lost at first because positive symptoms gets therapists too busy, but passel also lose inspiration, the capacity to communicate socially, and the capacity to organize themselves as they used to do before.ReferencesBarrow, K (2005). Reality Distortions equilibrate the Mind in Schizophrenia. Healthology Online, retrieved 7 April 2008 from http//www.healthology.com/mental-health/article1007.htm?pg=2Comer, R. J. (2007). Abnormal psychology (6th ed.), New York Worth Publishers.Fowler, D. (2000). Cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis from understanding to treatment. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills, 4(2), 199-215.Smith B, Fowler D, Freeman D, Bebbington P, Bashforth H, Garety P Dunn G & Kuipers E., (2006) Emotion and psychosis lin ks between depression, self-esteem, negative schematic beliefs and delusions and hallucinations. Retrieved 7 April 2008 from http//eprints.ucl.ac.uk/2182/1/Microsoft_Word_-_Schiz_Res_02_04_2006__2_.pdfSchizophreniaPeople afflicted with schizophrenia may have a sense of reality that is noticeably dissimilar from the reality perceived and shared by others around them. Schizophrenics, live in a world that is distorted by hallucinations and delusions, so those with schizophrenia may feel frightened, anxious, and confused (Smith et al, 2006). Partly due to the different reality they experience, shizophrenics are known to behave differently at various times and events. At times they can be distant, detached or even seem preoccupied. Some may sit rigidly, like a stone, unmoving and utterly silent.Other times they may shift relentlessly occupied, wide-awake, vigilant, alert, and even hyperactive. Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic, and generally disabling brain disease (Smith et al, 2006). While the term schizophrenia literally means split mind, it should not be confused with a split or multiple personality. It is more accurately described as a psychosis a type of disease that causes severe mental turbulence that disrupts normal thinking, vocalizations, and deeds. Schizophrenia is supposed to be secondary to a combination of hereditary and environmental factors.The course of schizophrenia, its symptoms, and triggers vary greatly among those who are affected. People with schizophrenia may demonstrate a varied combination of symptoms, triggers, and course. Each of these combinations may produce different clinical pictures. In fact, some clinicians have argued that schizophrenia is actually a group of separate disorders that share common features or symptoms.Comer (2007) notes that the indication of schizophrenia fall into three main categoriesPositive symptoms, which are unusual thoughts or perceptions that include hallucinations (disturbances of sensory perception), delusions (false beliefs) and thought disorder.Delusions Delusions are faulty interpretations of reality. Delusions may have bizarre content such as thoughts of being controlled by others, ideas of persecution by others, etc.Disordered Thinking and Speech These may include loose associations, neologisms, and clanging.Heightened Perceptions These are feelings of being flooded by sights and sounds, making it impossible to attend to anything important.Hallucinations Hallucinations are faulty sensory perceptions. Auditory hallucinations are the most common form of hallucinations.Inappropriate Affect Inappropriate affect is smiling when you are sad or angry or bearing a blank look when you should look happy. This may be related to the experience of hallucinations.Negative symptoms, which stands for a loss or a decrease in the ability to initiate plans, speak, express emotion, or find pleasure in everyday life (Comer 2007). These symptoms are harder to recognize as part of the disorder an d can be mistaken for laziness or depression.Cognitive symptoms (or cognitive deficits), which are problems with attention, certain types of recall, and the executive occupation that allow us to plan and organize. Cognitive deficits can also be difficult to recognize as part of the disorder but are the most debilitating terms of leading a normal life.One may note that the cornerstone of schizophrenia is psychosis. Psychosis is a state characterized by loss of contact with reality (Comer, 2007). In this condition, the affected persons ability to perceive and respond to the environment is significantly disturbed, and it may affect the persons ability to function. Psychotic symptoms may include hallucinations, which are false sensory perceptions and/or delusions which are false beliefs. Psychosis may also be substance-induced or caused by brain injury, but psychosis most commonly appears in diagnoses of schizophrenia. Fowler (2000) notes that normally individuals with psychosis are not conscious of the consequential links between their symptoms, life experiences, disposition and beliefs. By helping someone understand his or her problem as partly one of belief and interpretation, rather than actual and current threat, can be beneficialTreatments for SchizophreniaTreatment is aimed at reducing symptoms and preventing psychotic relapses and is believed to be most effective when begun early in the course of the illness. Schizophrenia is initally treated with antipsychotic medication (Comer, 2007). Once acute symptoms have lessened, a combination of medicine and psychosocial/rehabilitation interventions can be beneficial. As a chronic condition, disease management is life-long process.Barrow (2005) states that the most common modern medications currently prescribed are risperidone (Risperdal), olanzapine (Zyprexa, Zydis), quetiapine (Seroquel), ziprasidone (Geodon). And then there is aripiprazole (Abilify), which acts in a different way on the brain than others. All t hese drugs block dopamine in those parts of the brain where excessive dopamine is causative to psychosis. They mainly diminish positive symptoms, but they may also help with negative symptoms. Counseling, psychotherapy and social rehabilitation can help with more of what we call negative symptoms. Although Barrow notes that this often gets lost at first because positive symptoms gets therapists too busy, but people also lose inspiration, the capacity to communicate socially, and the capacity to organize themselves as they used to do before.ReferencesBarrow, K (2005). Reality Distortions Balancing the Mind in Schizophrenia. Healthology Online, retrieved 7 April 2008 from http//www.healthology.com/mental-health/article1007.htm?pg=2Comer, R. J. (2007). Abnormal psychology (6th ed.), New York Worth Publishers.Fowler, D. (2000). Cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis from understanding to treatment. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills, 4(2), 199-215.Smith B, Fowler D, Freeman D, Bebbing ton P, Bashforth H, Garety P Dunn G & Kuipers E., (2006) Emotion and psychosis links between depression, self-esteem, negative schematic beliefs and delusions and hallucinations. Retrieved 7 April 2008 from http//eprints.ucl.ac.uk/2182/1/Microsoft_Word_-_Schiz_Res_02_04_2006__2_.pdf

‘God’ is nothing but the Supreme Truth Essay

Differing from worlds other great religions Buddhism, is non based on any conception of a Supreme Being or Godhead (Myss, 2006). Buddhism relies on homo effort to relieve suffering, These wise ones, meditative, persevering, al manners using fortified effort attain heaven the supreme peace and happiness (Buddha, 5th Century B. C). The Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, is a human being who achieved great enlightenment or Nirvana but, heretofore the Buddha is not God.The acceptance of a Supreme Truth is the closest to the concept of God in Buddhism. This Truth is to be realized by every individual, by following Dharma one who with clear understanding perceives the four noble truths namely suffering, the origin of suffering, the cessation of suffering, and the eightfold holy way that leads to the cessation of suffering (Buddha, 5th Century B. C). By being righteous and practicing ahimsa or non-violence, the misery-filled human life can be transcended to a state of Nirvana or Self-R ealization.In this enlightened state, there is neither happiness nor misery when questioned by a disciple about the state of Nirvana, Buddha is utter to have answered I am the State of Pure Consciousness, that is reflected in all beings (as cited by Swami Sukhabhodanda, 1997). Buddhism initially evolved as a repudiation of Hindu God and God-heads. Hence, even the so-called god-heads have to attain perfection.Supreme State of Enlightenment is achieved only by the individuals efforts and thus the soul undergoes the cycle birth-death-and re-birth according to its Karma- or its doings in adherence to the path of Dharma, until it reaches Nirvana. While accepting the Karmic cycle of Hinduism, the eight-fold path of Buddhism are very similar to the Biblical sayings for example Buddhas Dharma of Right Action is very similar to Faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead (James 217).But differs from Christianity in that, 1) there is no God, 2) there is no Judgment Day, and 3) the acceptance of the concept of re-birth. That Thou Art The Vedas or the Holy Scriptures are the basic foundation on which Hinduism stands. And in the Upanishads, which are a part of the Vedas, one finds a numbers of instances in which the concept of the Supreme Being or God is analyzed. The Atharva Veda says Verily He is hotshot/ Single, Indivisible, Supreme Reality (Atharva Veda 13/4/20).In fact, the Rg Veda, the oldest of the existing Vedas, elaborates the concept of God thus He is One Brahma/ The Creator of the cosmos/ Who pervades and protects/ And enlightens after(prenominal) beings/ He is One Supreme Entity/ Whom sages call by various call/ Such as Indra, the glorious/ Mitra, the benign friend/ Varuna, the greatest, the noblest/ Agni, the resplendent, the bright/ Yama, the dispenser of justice/ Matarishwa, the ecclesiastic (Rig Veda 1/164/46).God is neither male, nor female, the Supreme Sovereign of all creation, animate and inanimate, Mother and Father. It is importa nt to note, that Godis all this but not limited to this. Therefore, it is not possible to merely say God is He or She, or It. Nameless and formless, infinite and incomprehensible, pervading all things yet not confined to anything. The various names by which It is addressed denote the names by which human beings identify It, the name Brhaman including.The Kenopanishad (2/1/3), puts the concept as difficult to comprehend for the limited human mind, He who thinks that he knows (Him) really, does not understand anything and proves himself ignorant. He who realizes that he cannot know (Him) has best understood. The same concept is further explained in the Bhagavad Gita (2/25) too, This Atman (the ParaBrhman) is beyond the wisdom of the five senses Unconceivable by the mind Unchanging. Hence, O Arjuna, perceive the Atman truly as such, since it does not become you to grieve.

Women in the Odyssey

Women in The Odyssey After following an epic that revolved so completely well-nigh men, The Odyssey has quite a lot of female roles. True, the ancient Greeks had a better androgynous balance than other civilizations, and this is reflected very(prenominal) clearly in The Odyssey. Femininity has non only a bigger role in this epic, but it seems as though it is honored with its own unique power. This is shown in characters like Circe and Athena, but in addition subtextually in the many female weavers throughout the story. Overall, women and feminine power have a very influential role in the diagram of the Odyssey.Let us capture with the obvious female powers in the immortal goddesses and nymphs. As far as the Olympian Gods, Athena is by far the most involved, regardless of gender. This is made very clear, for example, we see Telemachus preparing for his journey, When they had made fast the running gear all along the black ship, then they set up the mixing bowls, filling them brimf ul with wine, and poured to the gods immortal and everlasting, but beyond all other gods they poured to Zeus gray-eyed daughter. (2. 430-433) Also, Calypso and Circe play the role of Women as Temptress which greatly hinders Odysseus journey.Circe curiously has those powerful witch qualities that the uses specifically once morest the male gender. Luckily, however, she learns compassion for Odysseus and the crew in general. Thus she becomes not only kind but actually a very helpful component in the overall voyage. Calypso needed more convincing about releasing Odysseus, but afterwards she besides became somewhat helpful. Other helpful supernatural women come in such as the water nymph, Ino, who saves Odysseus from drowning on his way to the Phaecians. Already we see a huge increase in female importance and their affect on the plot.One of the biggest reflections of ancient Greek culture is the amount of weaving done by the women. However, I think that the images of weaving in the O dyssey have little to do with qualification a cultural point. In Greek mythology, everyones destiny was weaved by the Fates. I think that because of that, weaving has many connections to destiny. This even transfers into the literal sense, from baby blankets to death shrouds. Thus, the women in the epic who are seen weaving are technically weaving the destinies of the characters of the story.Lets start with Penelope, for her image of weaving is very specific. She weaves by day and by night, with torches lit beside her, she would unravel all shed done. (2. 106-107) This represents the fact that she keeps her vivification monotonously the same, and refuses to allow her aliveness/destiny/weaving to progress. We see another very fire image of weaving with Helen. She is making her yarn, which the preparation work in the beginning the actual weaving. To me this means that she was the one who informed the destinies before anything even took place in the Odyssey.Her decisions before a nd during the Iliad were her major contributions, as she set the stage for the female weavers of the Odyssey. These weavers also include Calypso and Circe, who we have already decided are major parts in the book. There are a few more women in this epic who really deserve to be mentioned. Two of them are Phaecians, Princess Nausicaa and Queen Arete. Nausicaa, inspired by our goddess Athena, really helped Odysseus. In her curiosity and level-headedness, she helped Odysseus return to her palace and find the help and support he needed to return home.Once he arrived there, he met with Arete, and it was she who Odysseus chose to plead hospitality, flung his harness around her knees, (7. 167) instead of her husband (the king). From the moment I read this, I thought that Arete must be a very powerful and respected woman, especially if she has power over decisions like that. Another woman I found very influential was Eurycleia. She practically raised both Odysseus and Telemachus, making tha t bond/ replicate between father and son even clearer. She is also the only person to recognize Odysseus before he meant to reveal himself to her.However, when she saw his unmistakeable scar, she let his foot fall, land it dropped in the basin-the bronze clanged, tipping over, tipping water across the floor. (19. 530-533). This uninherently shows her wisdom and compassion at an old age. Another (somewhat graphic) image of women in the Odyssey is the maidens that were hung across the rope by their faces at the end of the battle. This shows the flipside of feminine power, as these are the women who didnt advocate for themselves or their masters in the least, but decided to live a lazy life of gluttony and pleasure instead.The last woman I would like to mention is Odysseus mother, Anticleia. We only get to see her as a shadow, which is the least powerful ground of any woman throughout the epic. However, she still stirs a deep emotional response out of Odysseus, which, in turn, most definitely affects the actions he takes and thus the plot as a hole. Overall, I think that women play a very inspiring role in this epic. The show us time and time again that each of us is powerful enough to help write or own destinies, and to be cooperative components in the lives of others.We see again that compassion trumps hatred, and that beingness helpful is better than being selfish. Setting someone you love free can not only just turn out for the best, but it also might just be what needs to happen in the fate of their life. How different would the story be if Odysseus wasnt eventually allowed to leave Aeaea or Ogygia? So in conclusion, the women of the Odyssey show us to be present and compassionate in our lives, because who knows? You may just have a lasting effect on the life of another.

Videogames vs Boardgames

Now a days, if you ask any children, teenagers, and blush novel adults about what they prefer between televisiongames and board games, about ninety-two percent will answer videogames without hesitation. I definitively belong to the majority of teenagers who will prefer a videogame over a board game. But if you ask me what I really believe is best option for your children, Ill have no other excerpt but to answer board games. It seems that very quickly board games argon becoming a thing of the past. More and more parents are choosing to purchase video games for their children instead of board games.Even the board games industries are trying to add some technological features to their games, hoping that it can make clients more interested in the product. What most of the parents hold outt know, is the damage they are doing to their kids by tainting them videogames. The consequences for using videogames are many, and even though they have some benefits of their own, for example the y can help you revolve around by working with the left side of the brain (in case you are right handed), or with the right side if you are left handed. But even though, they are non worth the damage.And even if you estimate it is worth it, board games also provide you that benefit, without collateral damage. Another reason why you shouldnt buy videogames to your children is because you are enforcing them to isolate from the rest of the society. Do you think staying home playing video games instead of exercising or spending healthy time with friends and family is nigh(a) for your children? It is NOT good it is only making them live in an inexistent world, where they look just the way they want. A world full of violence, an inappropriate stuff because a fact is that 60% of middle school boys have at least one Mature-rated game.And actually I believe most of the parents know that video games are not good, but they still prefer to use the easy way to keep theyre children silent and entertained at the same time. Dont you think this is enough proof? Well now I? ll tell you why board games are the perfect alternative. They make your children THINK do things the labored way by themselves. Maybe they are not going to be as quiet as they were with video games, but it is just because they are not isolating themselves anymore, the board game is going to force them to communicate with other people make them more sociable.Without mentioning that it is cheaper and easier to move to other places. So now think twice before you buy a new Wii, or a new Nintendo for your 9-year-old boy. Think of the long-term consequences, instead of what is easier for you. Is it worth to make a fiery boy who learns from what he sees just because you were too lazy? It is not, remember parents are supposed to be the responsible adults who make the right decision to raise their children, not the ones that will buy their children anything just so they dont bother you anymore.

Cry Freedom Essay

Cry Freedom was a movie that took place in South Africa in the 1970s. It is a movie roughly a journalist, Donald Woods, and a black activist, Steve Biko. While Woods was around Biko reporting what was happening, Biko invited Woods to go see one of the impoverished black township so he could see where black people in South Africa lived. When they arrived, Woods was shocked. The black people of South Africa were living in terribly poor conditions collectible to the government imposed restrictions on their lives. Woods realizes how wrong the government is by putting these restrictions in place and begins to agree with Biko and his beliefs.Biko was a very outspoken activist for the rights of the black people in South Africa. The government had already banned him from leaving King Williams Town, his hometown, due to his past efforts for the cause. Latter on in the movie, Biko ends up getting arrested after a political speech which is outside of the area in which Biko is supposed to sta y banned to. After be arrested, Biko is shell to death. Since Woods had been reporting on the story, him and Biko had become good friends. After the death of his friend, Woods decided to work to expose the governments part in the beating of Biko. After meeting with the South African Minister of Justice, Woods is banned by the government just as Biko was when the movie began. After being banned, Woods and his family are targeted and harassed by the government. Woods manages to escape the country of Lesotho disguised as a priest and the rest of his family joins him latter on. Woods escapes to Botswana with the sponsor of an Australian journalist.Cry Freedom real shows us the issues of South Africa from the past. Black people from South Africa were severely discriminated against and were forced to live in stately conditions. These terrible conditions were forced upon the black community by the government. This was the time of the apartheid system, so the government was the cause o f much of the discrimination of the black people of South Africa. The movie really shows us the true face of the government. We see how the government was behind the terrible things that happened to black people during that time. Not only did the governmentsupport this discrimination, but it in like manner went as far as killing black people who were trying to speak out for their rights, just as they did to Biko. Cry Freedom shows us how worthless the government actually was in South Africa during the apartheid.

Managing Human Resources 16th Bohlander & Snell Essay

1.Place yourself in the position of general manager of a service department. How baron formally written vocation requirements help you manage your work unit?2.Discuss the various methods by which job analysis can be completed. Compare and tune these methods, noting the pros and cons of each.3.Why is accounting for employee motivation such an important aspect of designing todays job?4.The job characteristics model has five components that enhance employee jobs skill variety, line identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback. bedevil an example illustrating how each component can be used to improve the organization and the job of the employee. (Suggestion Consider your present or a recent job to answer this question.)5.Figure 4.6 shows the different forms of employee teams. Provide an example of where each type of team can be used. How do teams create synergy.6.As a little(a) business employer, explain how non conventional work schedules might make it easier for you to re cruit employees.CHAPTER 51.Name some companies with whom you have done business. Then discuss how you view their employer brands. Would you demand to work for them or not? How might these firms improve their employer brands.2.More than 50% of all MBAs leave their first employer within five years. Although the change may mean flight growth for these individuals, it represents a loss to the employers. What are some of the probable reasons a MBA would leave his/her first employer?3.In what ways do executive search firms differ from traditional employment agencies?4.Explain how realistic job previews (RJPs) operate. Why do they appear to be an effective recruitment technique?5.What contributions can a career management programme make to an organization that is forced to downsize its operations?6.What are some of the barriers to advancement opportunities for women and minorities in many organizations?CHAPTER 61.Is there a best employment passage stepwise? What steps must come first a nd last?2.What is meant by the term criterion as it is used in personal selection? Give some examples of criteria used for jobs with which you are familiar?3.Compare briefly the major types of employment interviews described in this chapter. Which type would you prefer to conduct? Why?4.What characteristics do job knowledge and job sample tests have that often made them more acceptable to the examinees than other types of tests?5.In what ways does the clinical approach to selection differ from the statistical approach? How do you account for the fact that one approach is superior to the other?

Carl Rogers Core Conditions

This is statement summarizes the basal hypothesis and therapeutic agents that distinguish the person-centered approach from other approaches. Rogers (1960, p33) believed that if the healer can provide a certain kind of relationship, the lymph gland would discover within himself/herself the capacity to use the relationship for growth and interchange for the teaching of personal growth. So what be the characteristics of the therapeutic relationship that Rogers believed to be crucial?These are congruency, unconditional positivist regard and empathic rationality. Rogers (1957) said that a therapeutic relationship can occur if there are two people in psychological contact, the client is experiencing in congruency or is anxious, the healer is congruent or integrated in the relationship, the therapist experience unconditional positive regard and acceptance for the client as well as an empathic understanding of the clients internal frame of reference and strives to exceed this experience to the client.He further believed that no other conditions are necessary, if completely this conditions are present overtime, constructive constitution change will occur. Rogers provide a brief summary of the core conditions he believed to be essential in a therapeutic relationship in his book A Way of Being (Houghton Mifflin, pp 115-117). The primary element could be called genuineness, in truthness or congruence. The to a greater extent the therapist is himself or herself in the relationship, putting up no professional front or personal facade, the greater is the likelihood that the client will change and grow in a constructive manner.This means that therapist is openly being the feelings and locations that are period within at the commission and Psychotherapy Page 2 moment. The term right-down catches the flavor of this condition the therapist makes himself or herself transparent to the client the client can see right through what the therapist is in the rela tionship the client experiences no holding back on the part of the therapist. As for the therapist, what he or she is experiencing is available to awareness, can be lived in the relationship, and can be communicated if appropriate.Thus, there is a mop up matching or congruence between what is experienced at the gut level, what is present in awareness, and what is verbalised to the client. The second spatial relation of grandness in creating a climate for change is acceptance, or caring, or prizing what I take over called unconditional positive regard. When the therapist is experiencing a positive acceptant attitude toward whatever the client is at that moment, therapeutic movement or change is much likely to occur.The therapist is willing for the client to be whatever immediate feeling is going on confusion, resentment, fear, anger, courage, love, or pride. such caring on the part of the therapist is nonpossesive. The therapist prizes the client in a total preferably than a conditional means. The third facilitative aspect of the relationship is empathic understanding. This means that the therapist sense accurately the feelings and personal meanings that the client is experiencing and communicates this understanding to the client.When functioning bets, the therapist is so much inner the private world of the other that he or she can clarify not only the meanings of which the client is aware but even those just below the level of awareness. This kind of sensitive, active listening is exceedingly rare in our lives. We think we listen but very rarely do we listen with real understanding, true empathy. Yet listening, of this very special kind, is one of the most potent forces for change that I whap. Congruence implies that the therapists are true, that is they are genuine, integrated and authentic during the therapy session.They are without pretensions, what their inner feelings and the external expression of it are one and the same and they can honestl y articulate their feelings, thoughts, reactions and attitudes that are present in the relationship with the client. The therapist who is congruent conveys the message that it is not only permissible but desirable to be oneself, he. /she presents themselves as transparent to the client and thus refuses to encourage an image of herself as superior, expert and omniscient (Mearns and Thorne, 1992 p15.). Person-centered therapy emphasizes that therapy will not communicate if the therapist feels one way about the client but behaves in a different way. So that if the therapist either dislikes or disapprove of the client but pretends that he/she accepts the client. Therapy will not work. Counseling and Psychotherapy Page 3 The unconditional positive regard of the therapist to the client tells us that it is of the conclusion importance that the therapists caring be nonpossesive.If the act of caring is rooted in the therapists need to be liked and appreciated, constructive change in the c lient is inhibited. Therapists should give importance and genuinely accept their clients without placing conditions on their acceptance. It should not be an attitude of Ill accept you when, rather it should be Ill accept you as you are. Therapists should let their clients know that they value their clients as they are and that clients have the freedom to feel and experience an array of emotions without fear of losing their therapists acceptance of them.When the therapist is able to embrace this attitude of acceptance and nonjudgmentalism, the client is more able to feel safe, to explore negative feelings and to move into the core of his anxiousness or depression, he is more likely to face himself honestly without the ever present fear of rejection or condemnation (Mearns and Thorn, 1992 p15. ). However, acceptance is the affirmation of the clients rights to have their own beliefs and feelings, it is not the approval of all behavior.One of the fundamental tasks of the therapist is t o understand clients feelings and experiences perceptively and precisely as they are presented during the therapy sessions. The therapist tries to feel the clients subjective experience in the here and now. The aim is to persuade clients to go deeper within them and experience their inner selves to recognize and resolve the unease that is present within them. Empathic understanding suggests that the therapist should be able to feel what the client is feeling without becoming lost in these feelings.It is alike necessary to recognize that empathic understanding goes beyond the act of identifying the presenting feelings of the client but rather should take on those feelings deep and less Counseling and Psychotherapy Page 4 experienced feelings. Therapists empathy brings about a more profound understanding of the self in the part of the client and an elucidation of their beliefs and worldviews. Rogers (1980) asserts that when the therapist can delay the clients private world as the client sees and feels it without losing the separateness of their own identity constructive change is more likely to occur.In Rogers perspective, the client/therapist relationship should be one of equality therapists do not go forward their knowledge a secret or attempt to mystify the therapeutic process. The progression of a clients transformation is largely dependent on the quality of this equal relationship. As clients experience the therapists judge way of listening to them, they eventually come to listen acceptingly themselves. As they find the therapist caring and prizing them, clients perplex to believe in their worth and value.As they experience the genuineness of the therapist, clients also discard their pretensions and become real with themselves and the therapist. References Mearns, D. & Thorne, B. (1992) Person-centered focal point in action. London SAGE Publications Limited Rogers, C. (1961) On becoming a person. Boston Houghton Mifflin Rogers, C. (1980) A way of being. Boston Houghton Mifflin Rogers, C. (1986) Carl Rogers on the development of the person-centered approach. Person- Centered Review, 1(3), 257-259. Thorne, B. (1992) Carl Rogers. Newsbury Park, CA Sage

Thinking Skills

Eric realise persuasion Skills Using Your humour in the teaching capture along Download e humanitycipate ebooks at bookboon. com 2 view Skills Using Your mastermind in the Information get on 2012 Eric Garner & Ventus Publishing ApS ISBN 978-87-7681-966-8 Download tolerant ebooks at bookboon. com 3 persuasion Skills Contents Contents stick in 9 1 What Are persuasion Skills? 10 1. 1 The forageential of the Brain 10 1. 2 Brain Power 10 1. 3 Exploding the Myths 10 1. 4 Brainworks 10 1. 5 Brain not Brawn 11 1. 6 Management mentation 11 1. 7 view Matters 11 1. 8 Key Points 12 2 Positive thought 13 2. 1 furious cogitateing 13 2. 2Distorted mooting 14 2. 3 Catastrophising 14 2. 4 Confusion 15 2. 5 Distraction 15 2. 6 Yo-Yo thinking 15 Please riffle the tinge The next step for top-performing graduates Masters in Management Designed for high-achieving graduates across t let on(a) ensemble disciplines, Lon move into Business Schools Masters in Management provides specif ic and tangible foundations for a successful c beer in line of crossroads. This 12-month, full- conviction programme is a business qualification with impact. In 2010, our MiM employment rate was 95% within 3 months of graduation* the legal age of graduates choosing to work in consulting or financial services.As strong as a renowned qualification from a world-class business school, you also gain access to the Schools network of to a greater extent than 34,000 planetary alumni a community that offers support and opportunities through bulge your cargoner. For more randomness visit www. lon founder. edu/mm, email emailprotected edu or fall through us a call on + 44 (0)20 7000 7573. * Figures shortenn from London Business Schools Masters in Management 2010 employment report Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 4 Thinking Skills Contents 2. 7 The Self-Image 15 2. 8 Positive Re-Framing 16 2. 9 Expecting the Best 16 2. 10Your Brain Wants Success 16 2. 11 Key Points 16 3 correct Y our store 17 3. 1 Synaesthesia 17 3. 2 Landmarks 17 3. 3 The Peg arranging 18 3. 4 Rhymes 18 3. 5 Mnemonics 18 3. 6 call back Peoples Names 18 3. 7 repeat 18 3. 8 Key Points 19 4 Blocks to Thinking 20 4. 1 Assumptions 20 4. 2 See Things from Other Points Of View 20 4. 3 Thinking and Doing 20 4. 4 Get unfreeze Of Lazy Thinking Habits 21 4. 5 Think the uniform A Child 21 4. 6 See the Detail As Well As the Big Picture 21 Please click the advert Teach with the Best. Learn with the Best. Agilent offers a wide variety of affordable, industry-leading lectronic interrogation equipment as well as fellowship-rich, on-line resources for professors and students. We hurt 100s of comprehensive web-based teaching tools, lab experiments, industriousness notes, brochures, DVDs/ CDs, posters, and more. See what Agilent nates do for you. www. agilent. com/? nd/EDUstudents www. agilent. com/? nd/EDUeducators Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2012 u. s. 1-800-829-4444 standada 1-877-894-4414 Downl oad free ebooks at bookboon. com 5 Thinking Skills Contents 21 cadence to Think 21 4. 9 Key Points 22 5 analytic Thinking 23 5. 1 Left-Brain Thinking 23 5. 2 Right Brain Thinking 4 5. 3 managerial Thinking 24 5. 4 reproducible Thinking 24 5. 5 sassy Goals 25 5. 6 Systematic Planning 25 5. 7 Using Information 25 5. 8 The Limits of Information 26 5. 9 Key Points 27 6 Creative Thinking 28 6. 1 Think give c be A Child 28 6. 2 Be More Curious 29 6. 3 find with Ideas 29 6. 4 Make New Connections 29 6. 5 Be A Little disoriented 30 6. 6 Laugh More 30 Youre full of energy and ideas. And thats vindicatory what we ar looking for. UBS 2010. entirely arights reserved. Think For Yourself 4. 8 Please click the advert 4. 7 expression for a c atomic number 18er where your ideas could really make a di? rence? UBSs Graduate Programme and internships are a chance for you to experience for yourself what its like to be expound of a global team that honours your comment and debates in suc ceeding together. Wher forever you are in your academic career, make your future a constituent of ours by visiting www. ubs. com/graduates. www. ubs. com/graduates Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 6 Thinking Skills Contents Think a authority(p) Your Limits 30 6. 8 Key Points 31 7 Brain pressureing 32 7. 1 Brainstorming 32 7. 2 A Brainstorming Session 33 7. 3 An Example of Brainstorming The H wizy Pot 34 . 4 Brainwriting 35 7. 5 Key Points 36 8 Decision-Taking 37 8. 1 Time Them 37 8. 2 Align Them 38 8. 3 Balance Them 39 8. 4 Act When You keep on To 39 8. 5 Use a Decision-Making Model 8. 6 Instinct 8. 7 Dont Decide Without Acting 8. 8 Keep Your Decision under Review 8. 9 Key Points 9 Problem-Solving 9. 1 Please click the advert 6. 7 The Problem with Problems 360 mentation . 360 thought physical process 39 . 42 42 43 43 44 44 360 thought process . Discover the truth at www. deloitte. ca/careers Deloitte & Touche LLP and committed entities. Discover the truth at www. deloi tte. ca/careers Deloitte & Touche LLP and affiliated entities. Download free ebooks at bookboon. com Deloitte & Touche LLP and affiliated entities. Discover the truth7at www. deloitte. ca/careers Deloitte & Touche LLP and affiliated entities. D Thinking Skills Contents The Classical Approach 45 9. 3 Do No function 45 9. 4 Take Your Time 45 9. 5 Sleep On It 46 9. 6 Attack the Problem 46 9. 7 Two Heads are Better than unmatched 46 9. 8 Occams Razor and the Five wherefores 46 9. 9 Key Points 48 10 Innovation 49 10. 1 Create an Innovative Climate 49 10. 2 Keep Your look Open 49 10. 3 Dreams and Daydreams 50 10. 4Develop Washing-Up Creativity 50 10. 5 Make New Connections 50 10. 6 Necessity is the Mother of Innovation 51 10. 7 Test, Test, Test 51 10. 8 charter and Adapt 51 10. 9 Take Lessons from Nature 51 10. 10 Key Points 52 11 Web Resources on Thinking Skills 53 Please click the advert 9. 2 Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 8 Thinking Skills Preface Preface Introduction to T hinking Skills Thinking Skills are near of the intimately valuable aptitudes you go off learn today. The grounds is simple. While in the past, mountain went to work for their manual skills, today they go to work for their mental skills.We live in an Information Age, no longer an industrial Age. Thats wherefore mindset has replaced brawn, and strength in mean ofing has replaced strength in muscles. No depicted object what kind of business you work for, nor what kind of job you do, today you are expected to apply a jog of mentation skills to the work you carry out. This includes exploitation your judgment collecting, using, and analyzing teaching working with others to solve worrys fashioning decisions on behalf of others contrisolelying to ideas to innovate and throw and creation creative astir(predicate) how your job laughingstock move better.This book covers all of these skills. It exit show you that, whatever you think rough your mental abilities or the level of your IQ or your formal education, your brain is the most powerful organ you possess. It is the tool that, if single-valued functiond skillfully, stern help you perform better in your job, better in your team and better in your organization. By developing your thinking skills to meet the demands of the modern world, you are guaranteed to succeed. write of Author Eric Garner Eric Garner is an experienced management trainer with a knack for bringing the best out of individuals and teams.Eric founded ManageTrainLearn in 1995 as a corporate training comp any in the UK specialising in the 20 skills that people desire for sea captain and personal success today. Since 2002, as part of KSA Training Ltd, ManageTrainLearn has been a major rounder in the e-learning market. Eric has a simple mission to turn ManageTrainLearn into the best company in the world for producing and delivering quality online management products. Profile of ManageTrainLearn ManageTrainLearn is wiz of th e top companies on the Internet for management training products, materials, and resources.Products range from training course plans to online courses, manuals to teambuilder exercises, diligent management apps to one-page skill summaries and a whole lot more. Whether youre a manager, trainer, or learner, youll find entirely what you need at ManageTrainLearn to skyrocket your professional and personal success. http//www. managetrainlearn. com Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 9 Thinking Skills What Are Thinking Skills? 1 What Are Thinking Skills? Few of us spend a great deal prison term consciously practising thinking skills. We believe that thinking is e actually a natural function or believe that the great thinkers among us are gifted.No involvement could be further from the truth. alone research shows that each of us has a hugely powerful potential in our brains that lies vastly under- accustomd. Moreover, when faced with a wide range of unsolveable problems in our lives , the need to work this potential has never been greater. 1. 1 The Potential of the Brain The facts round the brain are truly stupendous. For example, did you know that the clement brain takes up a fifth of all the energy generated by your consistency in its resting state? It is similar to a 20-watt light bulb continuously glowing. How big do you think the brain is?Well, if you arse imagine it, your brain consists of 100 billion carrels, each one of which connects to gravitational constant other brain cells making a total of 100,000 billion connections. There are more cell connection points in the human brain than in that respect are stars in our galaxy. As Norman Cousins ready it, Not even the universe with all its countless billions of galaxies represents greater wonder or complexity than the human brain. 1. 2 Brain Power Here are roughly more astonishing facts virtually your brain. Although the brain weighs in force(p) 3lb, it contains 12 trillion nerve cells (more t han two and a half generation the people on this planet).It contains 1000 trillion trillion molecules (way beyond our dexterity to com empowere), and crapper process 30 billion bits of selective entropy a second. Your brain has 10 billion neurons and the range of connections all the neurons in the brain could make would core to one with 28 noughts by and by it. Just stop and write that down to get a receive for what that is. Your brain has decorous atomic energy to build any of the worlds major cities umpteen times over. Unsurprisingly, no human being has yet existed who has been able to intake all the potential of the brain. How about you? 1. 3 Exploding the MythsOne of the reasons we fail to make the most of our brain and, therefore, our thinking skills, is that we hang on to a range of inherited assumptions about our brain and our capacity to think. Many of us believe that, contrary to the facts, we are either born bright or stupid. We think that we are comp allowely as in propoundigent as our mensurable Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and that this is fixed throughout our lives. We think that, when we run up against big problems, they clean groundworkt be solved. We fret over taking decisions and bemoan our ability to choose wisely. We think that we are stuck with the way we think and that we cannot channelize it.And to top things off, we think that, as we age, our brain declines and with it, our abilities to memorialize things. The only one of these assumptions that is honest is that it is only our thinking that limits the power of our brains. 1. 4 Brainworks A simple look at what we solicit of our brains is enough to show us what a wonderful organ this is. maiden, unlike other species (at least to our acquaintance), we are the only species that can think in the 3 dimensions of past, present, and future. We can use our brains to interpret our world in any way we choose, at one extreme, convinced(p)ly and, at the other, negatively.We can u se our brains for working out swear outs to ratiocinative problems as well as using it imaginatively to work out answers to Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 10 Thinking Skills What Are Thinking Skills? il uniform problems. We can imagine with our brains, invent and innovate. We can learn, change and develop. We can use our brains to interpret, understand, and become wise. We can use our brains to analyse things and to synthesise things. And, again, uniquely for species on this planet, we can use our brains to think about our thinking. The brain is truly the most complex and versatile tool we suck in our bodies. 1. 5 Brain not BrawnGiven the wonderful instrument that our brains are, it is astonishing that, until very recently, thinking was regarded in industrialised countries as a second-class skill. For several centuries, people were employed primary for their manual labour, secondly, for their machine-operating skill and lastly, and only if called upon, for their thinking ability. Today, all that has changed. We no longer live in an industrialised age only when an entropy age. Instead of brawn, the successful companies and economies of today and the future need brains. They are the ones that bequeath harness, use and reward the combined thinking abilities of everyone in them. . 6 Management Thinking So what kind of thinking skills do we need in the Information Age? Mike Pedler and Tom Boydell are researchers who establish studied the qualities undeniable by successful workers. They found that at least half of the key skills are those that relate to how we use our brains. Their list reads 1. command of basic facts 2. relevant professional understanding 3. continuing sensitivity to events 4. analytical, problem-solving, decision-taking and judgment-making skills 5. social skills and abilities 6. randy resilience 7. pro occupation an ability to respond purposefully to events 8. reativity 9. mental agility 10. balanced learning habits 11. self-know ledge 1. 7 Thinking Matters All of us are capable of developing our thinking in all these different skills. yet we are slow to change. Percy Barnevik, former chairman of ABB says, Organisations ensure people only use 5 to 10% of their abilities at work. Outside of work, the same people engage the other 90 to 95%. By line of work, horseshit Welch, former CEO of General Electric, says that encouraging ideas was one of his top three tasks, (the other two were, selecting the right people and allocating capital resources).One of Welchs typical approaches was to ask his managers not only what their ideas were, only if who they shared them with, and who adoptive them. When the factory of American entrepreneur and founder of IBM, Thomas Watson, burnt down, Watson was surprisingly unfazed. When asked why, he said that the wealthiness of his business was not based in his offices, assembly lines, and buildings but in the intellectual capital of his employees. He said, I can re-build the offices and buildings. But I could never replace the combined knowledge, abilities and thinking skills of my people. Download free ebooks at bookboon. om 11 Thinking Skills What Are Thinking Skills? 1. 8 Key Points 1. The human brain is so powerful that few of us come anywhere near to using it as well as we could. 2. Every person has the ability to think intelligently and creatively. 3. The brain is the source of key mental faculties much(prenominal) as store, imagination, creativity and innovation. 4. The brain is the key tool for mastering the modern selective information age. 5. Everyone in a modern organisation is a knowledge worker to whatsoever extent. 6. According to research, half the skills needed by successful workers involve the use of thinking skills.Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 12 Thinking Skills Positive Thinking 2 Positive Thinking For much of the time our thoughts let us down. They are confused, disjointed and reactive. They dont puzzle to be. Through training our thoughts to be positive, focused and assertive, we can at a stripe improve the quality of our thinking. 2. 1 Untrained Thinking When we treat the brain as an unknow touchstone that we cannot manage, then our untrained thinking is likely to consist of all or some of the following 1. doubts, fears and catastrophising the phenomenon of allow one bad thought colour the rest of our thinking 2. antasising imagining the worst is likely to happen and tell all our thoughts to planning for it 3. self-deprecating letting mistakes and failures lead us to believe were not unspoiled enough 4. dream uping the worst chieftainacheing about something we did in the past that we cant change 5. confusion having no clear destinations or plans 6. reactive thinking thinking in common or limiting ways 7. distraction the inability to c at a timentrate and direct our thoughts at will. Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 13 Thinking Skills Positive Thinking 2. 2 Distorted Thinking Ther e are many common types of distorted thinking. Here are intravenous feeding.First, there is lazy thinking where we think in habitual ways rather than in questioning our thoughts. Second, there is compulsive and obsessive thinking where the same thoughts contemplate in our heads again and again. Third, we continually think in musts, should, and oughts when we use our brains to judge what we do and how we think. Fourth, there is black and white(p) thinking, where we swing from believing that things are wholly frank one jiffy and wholly bad the next. All of these are negative and limiting types of thinking. 2. 3 Catastrophising In an untrained person, doubts and fears can form a long part of what passes for thinking.Doubts and fears start small but can feed on themselves until they take over. Its what happens when having left wing home, the thought occurs that we left the gas or electric on very soon all our thinking is swamped by this one fear of catastrophe. Here is an anecdot e that shows what can happen in the untrained thinking mind. A woman is driving along the motorway at night. Her thoughts start to race What if I get a puncture on the motorway? Ill pitch to stop and walk through the sad to the nearest garage. Then Ill have to ask someone to come out and fix the tyre. Theyre bound to charge the earth at this time of night.Theyre bound to look down their pry at me as well. What a nerve Just then she arrives at the garage, still thinking these thoughts, fills up her tank, and as she goes to pay her bill, blurts out to the astonished cashier and you can h centenarian back your bloody jack as well. your chance Please click the advert to change the world Here at Ericsson we have a deep rooted belief that the innovations we make on a daily basis can have a profound effect on making the world a better place for people, business and society. Join us. In Germany we are especially looking for graduates as Integration Engineers for Radio Access and IP Networks IMS and IPTV We are looking forward to getting your application To apply and for all current job openings please visit our web page www. ericsson. com/careers Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 14 Thinking Skills Positive Thinking 2. 4 Confusion A good exercise to find out what you habitually think about is to take time out to sit and relax and jot down the kind of thoughts you automatically get. A series of such soil sampling usually produces a mixture of thoughts we have thoughts about things on our mind, thoughts about pressing needs such as Im hungry and thoughts coming in because of external interference.For many people the content of what normally goes on in their heads is jumbled and confused. Life does not consist mainly or even largely of facts and happenings. It consists mainly of the storm of thoughts that is forever blowing through ones head. (Mark Twain) 2. 5 Distraction The human brain connects to 24,000 ear fibres, 500,000 touch detectors, 200,000 temp erature sensors and 4 million suffer sensors. It is no wonder that with this capacity to absorb information, we find it hard to concentrate on rightful(prenominal) one thing at a time. So, instead of focusing, we let our minds wander.Instead of thinking what we need t say, we say the first thing that comes into our heads. Instead of getting to the point, we let our minds go walk about. 2. 6 Yo-Yo Thinking As well as being distracted, many of us have a tendency to swing from a positive mood to a negative one in what we might call yo-yo thinking one minute up, the next minute down. The baloney is told of the granger whose ox died and, in panic, went to the wise man of the village and wailed I will be ruined. Isnt this the worst thing that has ever happened to me? The wise man replied peradventure so, by chance not. A few long time later, the farmer caught a stray horse on his kill and used it to plough the business lines in half the time he would have taken with the ox. He re turned to the wise man and said Isnt this the best thing that has ever happened to me? Again, the wise man replied Maybe so, maybe not. Three days later, while still overjoyed with his good fortune, the horse threw the farmers son into a ditch and broke his leg. Moral Things are rarely as good or as bad as we think. 2. 7 The Self-ImageThe self-image is the key player in our thoughts. To understand its immensity we need to turn Rene Descartes maxim, I think, therefore I am, back-to-front into I AM WHAT I THINK. any(prenominal) we think we are, we are. Our self-talk creates our self-image. This is because our thoughts are always directed to proving what we want to believe. So, if we think we are stupid at maths, our thoughts will automatically seek evidence that proves it and ignore evidence to the contrary. Similarly, if we think we are preferably clever at maths, we will seek evidence to prove it.So, the key to releasing the potential of our thinking is to build a convinced(p) self-image in which our thinking is a partner in describing who we see ourselves to be. Life consists of what a man is thinking about all day. (Ralph Waldo Emerson) Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 15 Thinking Skills Positive Thinking 2. 8 Positive Re-Framing The reason why a positive self-image and positive thinking succeeds isnt only mental. It is also physical. Studies have demo that the neurons in the hippocampus (a part of the brain responsible for day-to-day memory and new learning) can shrink when we are stressed.Dendrites, the connecting wires between brain cells, have been known to permanently wither in response to negative thinking. On the other hand, love, affection and happy moods can strengthen these dendrites and kindle our ability to solve intellectual and practical problems. The negative thinkers answer to Can you play the piano as well as Barenboim? is probably, No, I never could. The positive thinkers answer is Not yet. 2. 9 Expecting the Best Most of us find it easy to worry, but we invariably worry about the worst that might happen to us.By changing our thought direction, we can replace worrying about the worst into worrying about the best. Worrying positively has the same characteristics as negative worrying hen-peck thought patterns visualising ourselves in the situation playing and replaying every possible angle hearing what we will say, tactility what we will feel, saying to ourselves what we will say. Olympic javelin thrower Steve Backleypractised positive worry when he sprained his ankle four weeks sooner a major competition. Instead of giving up, he mentally practised his throws from his armchair until he had do over a thousand throws.When the competition came, Backley made the throws he had mentally made and won. 2. 10 Your Brain Wants Success For much of the 20th century, it was thought that the brain was a trial and illusion mechanism we act something and if it worked, fine. If it didnt work, too bad. End of sto ry. We now know differently. The brain is not a trial and error mechanism but a trial and success mechanism. When set a clear goal, it actually seeks out not error but success. Error is not incorrect or faulty programming but simply deviation from the correct course. We set our goals.We try, succeed, succeed, succeed, succeed, succeed, make an error, check, adjust, succeed, succeed. Your brain actually wants you to succeed and it lets you know that you can succeed through training your brain to think in constructive, creative, and positive ways. 2. 11 Key Points 1. Untrained thinking is often confusing, distracted and negative. 2. Trained thinking is usually focused, confident and positive. 3. The human brain believes what we let it believe rather than what it knows to be true. 4. Worrying negatively is the same process as worrying positively so just change your focus. 5. Yo-yo thinking is alternately thinking things are very good or things are very bad. 6. The key to making the bes t use of our thoughts is to build a positive and confident self-image. Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 16 Thinking Skills Improve Your Memory 3 Improve Your Memory Most of us complain at some time about our poor memories especially when we deflect things that are important, such as birthdays, anniversaries and meetings. But it is not memory that lets us down. Our brains withdraw everything we have ever experienced we know this from near-death experiences, hypnosis and feelings of deja vu.What is at fault is our ability to give back. Here are 7 ways we can help our ability to recall facts and experiences of the past. 3. 1 Synaesthesia Synaesthesia is the association of memory with our senses. Dr Frank Staub of Yale University demonstrated that you can easily improve your memory when you link the things you want to remember with a memorable sight, sound, feeling, savor or smell. In one experiment, he wafted the aroma of sweet chocolate over a convocation of students who we re preparing for an exam. On the day of the exam, he released the same aroma while the students were taking the exam.The result was that these students out-performed everyone else. 3. 2 Landmarks The reason why synaesthesia works is because what we want to recall is associated with a striking landmark. Landmarks dont have to be limited to the five senses. They can be anything emotional, shocking, funny, unexpected, silly, embarrassing, or outrageous. Thats why people can recall precisely what they were doing at the time of shocking news events, such as the assassination of washbasin Kennedy or the death of Diana, Princess of Wales. Its also why we never forget our first day at school, a beautiful romantic holiday, and our first teenage kiss. Graduate Programme for Engineers and Geoscientists I joined MITAS because I wanted real responsibili Please click the advert Maersk. com/Mitas Real work Internationa al International opportunities ree wor o ree work placements Month 16 was I wa s a construction supervisor in the North ocean advising and helping foremen he solve problems s Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 17 Thinking Skills Improve Your Memory 3. 3 The Peg System The peg system is a great way to remember a while of numbers, for example the phone number 302187.All you do is give each number a rhyming peg word and then make up a crazy, silly or mislead story about it with the words in the right order. So, lets say 3 = knee, 0 (nought) = wart, 2 = gum tree, 1 = sun, 8 = render, and 7 = heaven. We could then make up the following story First I wrote the phone number on my knee roughly a wart. I put some glue on it to keep it in place. Suddenly the sun came out, so I went out the gate and found myself in heaven. Try it. Youll find the story is always easier to remember than the numbers. 3. 4 RhymesThe Peg System works because we associate a number with a rhyming word, eg 8 and gate, 2 and glue. The same principle holds true for much more complex piece s of information. So rhymes help us remember that In fourteen hundred and eighty two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue (and discovered America) that i before e, except after c (for spelling words like believe and receipt) and that 30 days hath September, April, June and November (for remembering the days of the months). 3. 5 Mnemonics Rhyming words like these are known as mnemonics, after the Greek goddess of memory, Mnemosyne.Another type of mnemonic is associating letters with names in a certain sequence. So, My Very enlightened Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas will instantly help you remember the sequence of the cabaret planets of the solar system, simply be looking at the first letters of each word. Making the sequence Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. The great thing with mnenonics is that you can make up your own sentences for things you want to remember and you can modify them to your own situations or make them as silly as you want (r emember, silly is memorable). 3. 6 Remembering Peoples NamesThe idea of associating something we want to remember with personal, silly, or funny associations is the key to remembering peoples names. Lets say youre introduced to a MrLazenby. All you need to do is aspect him lazing on a summers day on a B road and youll remember his name. Similarly, a MrsPakenham could be imagined packing em in in a fish factory and a Mr Forsyth could be pictured as a gardener with four scythes. The reason why these associations work is that youre using both sides of your brain. Your left brain holds the name. Your right brain remembers the silly image. Together they help you recall. 3. repeating One of the important keys to all these memory tricks is repetition. When we first collect a new piece of information, it goes uninterrupted into our short-term memories. This can only take 8 seconds. The trouble is, the short-term memory is a retention area for new information and unless we move stuff out , it will promptly be replaced with newer information. Moving information out means moving it into our long-term memories where it can remain indefinitely. The problem here is, it can take anything up to 6 hours to get something firmly embedded. And thats where repetition, review, and replay come to the rescue.Some scientists regard memory as the Rosetta Stone of the brain the key that unlocks all the secrets of the mind. In an age of information, where most people are knowledge workers of one sort or another, having a good memory and being able to make the most of what you know isnt just nice to have it is essential. Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 18 Thinking Skills Improve Your Memory 3. 8 Key Points 1. When we forget something it is not because of a poor memory but because of our inability to recall. 2. There are various ways to increase our power of recall, all making use of our imaginative right brains. . Events that are shocking, emotional and silly stay in the memory longer than things that are mundane and normal. 4. You can remember an event more vividly when you associate it with one or more of your five senses, such as smell or taste 5. Mnemonics are one of the best ways to remember lengthy or complex information by associating numbers with rhyming sounds. 6. To move information from your short-term memory into your long-term memory, you need to repeat it Please click the advert enough times to make it stick. We will turn your CV into an opportunity of a lifetime Do you like cars?Would you like to be a part of a successful brand? We will appreciate and reward both your enthusiasm and talent. Send us your CV. You will be surprised where it can take you. Send us your CV on www. employerforlife. com Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 19 Thinking Skills Blocks to Thinking 4 Blocks to Thinking Thinking, like communicating, is one of those functions we think we should be good at because we do it all the time, do it without lather and have done it for all of our waking lives. But there is a difference between just doing something like thinking or communicating and doing it well.Just as with communicating in effect, what stops us from thinking effectively for much of the time are the perceptual, emotional, cultural and environmental discontinues that get in the way. Here are 7 of those blocks. 4. 1 Assumptions When we assume, we often make an ass out of u and me. Assumptions are examples of lazy thinking. We simply dont wait to get all the information we need to come to the right conclusions. There is the story of the guest at the bank who after cashing a cheque and turning to leave, returns and says Excuse me, I think you made a mistake. The cashier responds, Im sorry but theres postcode I can do. You should have counted it. Once you walk away we are no longer responsible. Whereupon the customer replies Well, okay. Thanks for the extra $20. wiretap When you feel yourself wanting to draw conclusions, just wait until y ou have all the information. 4. 2 See Things from Other Points Of View A truly open mind is willing to yield that, not only do other people have other just as sound points of view from theirs, but that these other points of view may be more valid.A story is told that the modernist painter Pablo Picasso was once travelling on a train across Spain when he got into conversation with a rich businessman who was dismissive of modern art. As evidence that modern art didnt properly represent reality, he took out a photo of his wife from his wallet and said This is how my wife should look, not in some silly stylized representation. Picasso took the photo, studied it for a few moments and asked This is your wife? The businessman proudly nodded. Shes very small, observed Picasso wryly. Tip Dont have a monopoly on how things are.Things arent always what they seem. Be ready to consider other points of view. 4. 3 Thinking and Doing It is part of Western intellectual tradition that the thinki ng part of a decision is separate from the implementation part of the decision, as if the decision was one thing and the implementation something quite different. Hence the gulf between those who take decisions, often in positions of authority, and those who carry them out thinkers and doers. In Oriental philosophy, which has a much longer tradition than Western philosophy, the gap is not understood.Here there is no gulf between thinking and doing. There is only process. A decision and its implementation are part and parcel of the same thing. This means that the decision can be changed as the implementation proceeds, just as the method of implementation can be changed if the decision is reviewed in the light of new information. Tip Involve implementers in the decision process. Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 20 Thinking Skills Blocks to Thinking 4. 4 Get Rid Of Lazy Thinking Habits Habit can be a major stumbling block to clear thinking and another example of laziness.Try this experiment. Write down the Scottish surnames Macdonald, Macpherson, and Macdougall and ask someone to talk them. Now follow these with the word Machinery and see what happens. Most people are likely to mis-pronounce it. This is because we tend to think in habitual ways and dont like what doesnt fit. Tip Dont think that, just because things happened in a certain way once before, they will happen like that every time. 4. 5 Think like A Child Research shows that the number of synapses, or connections, in the brain is greater in a child of two than in an average adult.The reason for this is that a child of two has no limiting world view, as adults do. Its like a woodcarver who starts off with a large block of clay that can become anything. As he little by little removes the clay, the possibilities in his sculpture become less and less until it represents just what hes looking for. If we use our brain like a child, accepting everything without judgment, we can actually halt and revers e the brain agedness process and become fully open-minded again. Tip With the right stimulus and a passion for wonder, you can think like a child again. 4. 6 See the Detail As Well As the Big PictureThere is a poem by John Godfrey Saxe called The Blind Men and the Elephant. It tells how six invention men of Indostan go to see an elephant and each try to work out what it is from touching it. One dim man touches the tusk, another the trunk, another the tail, and so on. Of course, not being able to see the whole elephant, they differ about what the animal is. When we see the detail and the full picture, it is easier to give everything its right context. Tip Try to keep the big picture in front of you while looking at the details. It will help to put everything in its proper place. See the full poem here http//www. oogenesis. com/pineapple/blind_men_elephant. html 4. 7 Think For Yourself Taking time out to think is still frowned on in many organizations that prize activity over creat ivity. People who work in creativity-constrained organizations are likely to think the way they are suppositious to think, or as others think, or as has always been the way to think. Its like the blinkered thinking that Hans Christian Anderson describes in his story of The emperor moths New Clothes. Everyone in the land refuses to see that the emperor butterfly is naked and has been duped into believing he is wearing a splendid costume for his coronation.Only a young boy who has been ill and not party to the cultural brainwashing can see the truth and cries out Look, everyone, the Emperor is wearing no clothes Tip Dont let others tell you how to think. When others ask your opinion, tell it to them straight. 4. 8 Time to Think One of the biggest stumbling-blocks to thinking is that, in many organisations, we still dont recognize that it is sometimes more important than activity. Here is a story that illustrates an anti-thinking attitude. Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 21 T hinking Skills Blocks to ThinkingThe car-maker Henry Ford hired an efficiency expert to go through his plant. He said Find the unproductive people. Tell me who they are and Ill fire them The expert made his rounds with his clipboard in hand and finally returned to Henry Fords office with his report. Ive found a problem with one of your managers, he said. Every time I walked past his office, he was sitting with his feet propped on the desk doing energy. I definitely think you should consider getting rid of him. When Ford asked who the man was, he shook his head and said I cant fire him. I pay that man to do nothing but think.And thats what hes doing. Each of us has the power to think clearly. Its part of our natural make-up as human beings. The trouble is that, too often, we block our natural thinking ability and so make errors in judgment. By unblocking your thinking, by not judging, not making assumptions, and not blindly accepting the views of others, you can access the full c reativity of your thinking. 4. 9 Key Points 1. We often make unconventional assumptions about what we see because of prejudice and false expectations. 2. We each see the world differently because of our thoughts every thing is a think. . Thinking like a child is more open and creative because it is not layered with geezerhood of learning and habit. 4. Culturally-accepted ways of thinking can sometimes limit us to thinking in familiar ways. 5. Well-directed and well-trained thinking is always more productive than activity. 6. Successful enterprises need original thinking if they are to avoid blindly following the thinking of the Please click the advert majority. BEN JIJ DE CEO OF chief financial officer VAN DE TOEKOMST? 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But the flaw in lucid thinking is that it relies on the conscious brain and this is the most limited and vulnerable part of our thinking. 5. 1 Left-Brain Thinking Logical thinking is the part of the brain that relates to its left-hand side (l for left and l for logical). It was professor Roger Sperry of the University of California who discovered that different sides of the brain were responsible for different functions.He discovered that the left-brain governs the right side of the body governs the right field of vision deals with input sequentially perceives the parts more than the whole perceives time is the bottom of verbal skills Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 23 Thinking Skills Logical Thinking is the seat of logical and analytical thinking sets goals, plans and reviews the managerial mind lawtes evocative language The left side of the brain is the verbose mind, thriving on, but limited by, information. 5. 2 Right Brain ThinkingJust as he explained the workings of the logical, left-sided brain, so Roger Sperry also discovered that the right-hand side is responsible for romantic types of thinking (r for romantic and right-sided). In contrast to the left, he discovered that the right brain governs the left side of the body governs the left field of vision deals with inputs simultaneously perceives the whole more than the parts perceives space is the seat of visual skills is the seat of tra nscendent and kinaesthetic perception is responsible for imagination and visualisation formulates symbol and metaphor. 5. 3 Managerial ThinkingManagerial thinking tends to use the functions of the left brain more than those of the right brain. The sort of workplace issues that use left-brain thinking are analysing and sight faults in mechanical processes through collecting, checking and testing information investigating problems of the what went wrong? variety learning from how things have been done in the past to improve the way we do them next time and obtaining information that answers what? , where? , who? and why? questions. All of these issues rely on information and on information being correct, complete and understood. 5. 4 Logical ThinkingLogical (or left-brain) thinking comes into its own when we are working with verifiable and reasonably certain information. This is information we can be sure about because it has been confirmed scientifically. Using scientific infor mation allows us to develop our knowledge by making logical deductions. It is the kind of thinking used in playing games of chess, (where there are quite definite rules) and solving puzzles for which there is an answer. Logical thinking uses 5 steps 1. a clear goal or solution 2. systematic planning 3. using information 4. reasoning 5. checking conclusions Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 24Thinking Skills Logical Thinking 5. 5 SMART Goals The first step in logical thinking is a clear goal. Working towards clear goals is often described by the mnemonic SMART. These are goals which are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, living and Time-bounded. For example, it may be a departments goal to produce 30 tons of product a day from 28 tons after upgrading its machinery. SMART goals are managerial goals. They lend themselves to plans and the application of a step-by-step thought-and-action process. Clear goals work from a known get-go point (that is, now) in a series of steps and sequ ences until the goal is reached.SMART goals assume that the future will be the same as now, that resources will stay the same and that nothing will interrupt the execution of the plan. If anything changes, then so will the SMART goals. 5. 6 Systematic Planning Systematic planning is the second step in the SMART process towards a goal. We know the what? because we have defined a clear goal systematic planning tells us the how? to get us there. Systematic planning aims to find the correct method, the correct procedure, the correct system that can logically take us to our goal.In SMART goal thinking, planning is systematic because we can try it out in different circumstances, repeatedly and with different kinds of information. It is like a computer programme into which we type our formula and apply our information to come up with THE answer. 5. 7 Using Information The remaining steps in the SMART process involve using our left-sided brains to work towards our goals. Information is ke y to this process. We need to group it, manoeuver it, rank it, fit it into the bigger picture, and make connections with it.It needs to be as accurate and verifiable as possible or else there can be no basis for further logical thought. Where information is uncertain, difficult to check, subject to change, not easy to understand, then it is of limited use. Please click the advert Budget-Friendly. Knowledge-Rich. The Agilent In? niiVision X-Series and 1000 Series offer affordable oscilloscopes for your labs. Plus resources such as lab guides, experiments, and more, to help enrich your curriculum and make your job easier. Scan for free Agilent iPhone Apps or visit qrs. ly/po2Opli See what Agilent can do for you. www. agilent. com/? d/EducationKit Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2012 u. s. 1-800-829-4444 canada 1-877-894-4414 Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 25 Thinking Skills Logical Thinking 5. 8 The Limits of Information Logical thinking relies wholly on how reliable your informat ion is. But, in a fast-changing world, information presents us with a number of problems. 5. 8. 1 there is too much of it We are bombarded today with huge falls of information, much of it contradictory. It is calculated that one copy of the British Sunday Times contains in it more information than a medieval man would have had access to in a lifetime. . 8. 2 it gets distorted easily All knowledge comes to us via someone elses perception and is filtered by our own perception. Even the most aboveboard of television news-readers cannot avoid an occasional voice inflexion or raised eyebrow when they deliver a story. We can never be absolutely sure of the motives and thinking behind the information we receive. Never ask a hairdresser if you need a haircut. 5. 8. 3 it is incomplete We can never know whether the information we receive is complete or incomplete.In the hours after the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, in a car accident in 1997 everyone believed that she had been a victim of pursuing photographers. Later it was discovered that her chauffeur had excessive levels of alcohol in his blood. 5. 8. 4 it is quickly outdated In todays world of instant access to information via world-wide communications, knowledge quickly becomes outdated, obsolete and forgotten. All through history, when a craftsman learned his trade after a period of four, five or six years of apprenticeship, he had learned everything he would ever need to know.It would be sufficient for the rest of his working life. Today, this is no longer enough. We need updates every few years to keep abreast of what is happening in our chosen field. The giant American corporation, General Electric, has speculated that a newly-recruited aims knowledge will be out of date within five years of starting in the job. 5. 8. 5 our conscious brains can only hold a limited amount of information Our knowledge-holding brains the conscious thinking parts are only capable of holding a limited amount of data at an y one time.Most of us find it hard to keep more than about 7 or 8 facts in our conscious brain at any one time. To test this, deal someone 7 or 8 separate from a pack of playing cards allow them 15 seconds to memorise them in their heads and then ask them to turn the cards over and recall them. Very few people can successfully remember every single card. Now contrast this with the sub-conscious brain which stores every single experience and thought that we have ever had and still has room for a huge amount more. The logical, or scientific, approach to thinking relies on information about the world around us.From it, we can create the most wonderful inventions and manifestations. But, in a fast-paced world, this information is quickly out-of-date, quickly inaccurate, and quickly useless. If we are to rely on logical thinking to succeed in life, then we need to be masters of left-brain thinking. Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 26 Thinking Skills Logical Thinking 5. 9 Key Points 1. Ordered thinking is thinking that is analytical, sensible and systematic. 2. The left side of the brain is the seat of logical thinking. 3. The right side of the brain is the seat of imaginative thinking. 4.Logical thinking allows us to make incremental throw out based on verifiable information. 5. While logical thinking relies on facts and information, information itself can be unreliable and inaccurate. 6. The analytical conscious brain is limited in the amount of information it can hold while the creative subconscious is unlimited. Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 27 Thinking Skills Creative Thinking 6 Creative Thinking In our Western systems of thinking, there is a strong bias towards using the left-brain. We tend to prefer ideas that fit preconceived patterns, systems that have been proved and solutions that are low-risk.But in a time of change, where we need to solve major intractable problems, we need to be more creative and instead of known thinking and known solut ions, develop new thinking and new solutions, ie using the right-brain. Here are 7 ways to be more creative. 6. 1 Think like A Child As adults we tend to think in a conditioned way aimed at showing how clever we are. Yet, as children, we are simply spontaneous and far more curious in our thinking. To re-capture your childhood marvel, allow yourself to just wonder at things, to be completely present in the here and now, and to detach yourself from what you thought was real.why are leaves green? Who is Father Christmas? What makes us yawn? Where do people come from? Why do we have to go to sleep? Whats at the end of a rainbow? What happens when we die? Please click the advert What makes us laugh? Download free ebooks at bookboon. com 28 Thinking Skills Creative Thinking Why do people fight? What makes the light go on? Where do animals go when they die? Why do we have to work? 6. 2 Be More Curious The search for new answers to old problems starts with being curious about the problem a nd looking at it with fresh eyes. Sigmund Freud said that such curiosity came more naturally to children than adults.Other great inventors have also recognised the importance to creative thinking of being curious about the world. This is how Leonardo da Vinci described his endless curiosity I roamed the countryside searching for answers to things I did not understand. Why shells existed on the tops of mountains along with the imprint of coral and plant and seaweed found in the sea. Why the thunder lasts a longer time than that which causes it and why immediately on its creation the lightning becomes visible to the eye while circles of water form around the spot which has been struck by a storm and why a bird