Essay on APUSH DBQ Chapter 3-4 - 942 Words

The Protestant Reformation in England led the Puritans to immigrate to America. Also, Old England was going through a hard economic time. Many were poor and unemployed, and this caused English men to seek a better life in the new world. The Spanish exploration, led by Christopher Columbus, led the way for other European countries to follow to the new world. The eastern coast of North America was colonized by English men of the same background and origin, but by the 1700s, the New England and Chesapeake regions have developed into two distinct nations. The two regions were founded for very different reasons. New England was founded for religious reasons because the Puritans were seeking religious freedom. Puritans came to America as†¦show more content†¦In New England there were no distinct social classes, and the people were all equal, which is totally different from how the southern colonies were. The southern colonies had obvious, and distinct social classes. At the top of the ladder were the First Families of Virginia (FFV’s), or more commonly known as the planters. The FFV’s held most of the wealth in the south. Under them was the middle class, then poor white, the black society, and at the bottom of the ladder were the slaves. In New England, god was the way of life, and the church was everything. The Chesapeake region cared little about religion, and focused more on their economy and agriculture. New England had diverse wages and prices, and more evenly split the profits amongst all people. New England put more of their attention to industry. Their economy was much more diverse, with industries like cod fishing, lumber, timber, shipbuilding and whaling, instead of focusing on one crop only, like they did in the Bread Colonies (Doc E). The plantations in the southern colonies did not have the diversity that New England offered. Instead they grew their cash crops, and only their cash crops. In the southern colonies, the rich and powerful FFV’s took great advantage of the poor, and black societies. The FFV’s were in charge of everything, and no one under them had any say. There was no equality in the southern colonies, which was proved by slavery (Doc H). Slaves in these colonies were overwor ked onShow MoreRelatedBoyer Dbq Teacher Guide10764 Words   |  44 PagesUsing the DBQ Practice Questions from The Enduring Vision, Sixth Edition A Teachers’ Guide Ray Soderholm Minnetonka High School Minnetonka, Minnesota Using the DBQ Practice Questions from The Enduring Vision, 6th Edition A Teachers’ Guide This guide is intended to suggest some possible ways that students may organize essays related to the document-based questions in the Advanced Placement version of The Enduring Vision, 6th Edition, and to provide teachers with some information on each included

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis...

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson Good and bad. Pure and evil. Right and wrong. Joy and despair. These are all themes Robert Louis Stevenson addresses in his novel, â€Å"The strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde† Robert Louis Stevenson presents the view that no human has the capacity to be completely good or completely bad. Instead human nature is shown to exhibit both good and bad with dynamic results. Human nature encourages us to feel and experience a range of emotions. Happiness, sadness, love and hate are all natural feeling that helps to shape our personality. To help the elderly, to feed the poor, to shelter the homeless, to nurture a baby are all elements of human nature and†¦show more content†¦Within this novel Stevenson shows that love and hate are closely interlocked this is a common aspect of human nature. E.g. Love hate relationship. Human nature is a very complex process; it consists of many different dimensions including frustration and boredom. This can lead to the desire to explore, and experiment. Human nature encourages people to push the boundaries of conformity like going into space or landing on the moon. Stevenson shows how an innocent curiosity about our darker side of our nature can get out of hand. Jekyll is a very different character to Hyde, everyone likes him, he is well known about town and he is well looked upon. He is kind, and when socialising with friends he is very well liked. just like his friend â€Å" Richard Enfield†¦ the well known man about town†Jekyell is very respectable gentleman with a reputation to maintain, however in the disguise of Hyde, he can lurk around the town after dark, strolls the red light district and fulfilling his desires without any risk to his reputation. In Jekyll and Hyde Stevenson illustrate the two sides of human nature within one person. Jekyll represents the acceptable elements of human nature the well mannered, distinguished doctor who meets the demands of a prudish society. Jekyll lives a double life, one of success and the other of shame. Jekyll is imprisoned by the moral demands of Victorian society. Human nature can be very complex and the desire to do goodShow MoreRelatedThe Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson2251 Words   |  10 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson When asked this question, the immediate answer is, yes. Robert Louis Stevenson uses the features of a conventional horror story, which were very popular at the time, but also uses the story to raise social issues and make criticisms about the hypocrisy and double standards of Victorian society, in general, and Victorian London in particular. The first aspect of horror to be noticed is that the mainRead MoreAnalysis Of The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde, By Robert Louis Stevenson1323 Words   |  6 Pagesdirectly represented in the literature of the time. An excellent example is, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, by Robert Louis Stevenson, which gives a direct image of what Victorian era was like with his writing style as well as the story itself. Specifically, Stevenson portrays exactly how Victorian social life commenced as well as displays the main points of social standards of the time. Robert Louis Stevenson uses individual characters in the novella to accurately depict how people protectedRead More Analysis of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson2888 Words   |  12 PagesAnalysis of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson In an attempt to consider the duality tale, one narrative inevitably finds its way to the top of the heap as the supreme archetype: Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Immense disagreement permeates the pages of literary criticism relevant to the meaning of the story. Yet, for all of the wrangling focused on the psychology, morality, spirituality, and sociality of the story, itRead More Good and Evil in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson4276 Words   |  18 PagesGood and Evil in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson Throughout the story of â€Å"The Strange Case Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde†, the author, Robert Louis Stevenson, presents his idea of the duality of man- where we all have a dark, wicked side within us, where evil is held in waiting to surface, but we hide it away, we pretend it does not exist, and we keep it tame. He presents this idea by using two protagonists, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, who are actually the sameRead MoreLiterary Analysis of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† by Robert Louis Stevenson1530 Words   |  7 Pageslocation in the 1800’s during the Victorian era in this novel. As the story unfolds in the classic literature novel, â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† written by Robert Louis Stevenson, the magnificent city of London becomes a darker and mysterious location. The powerful city of London embodied the freedom and solitude required for the antagonist of the story, Mr. Hyde to hide his wicked behavior from the society as a whole. According to the history of the Victorian age, â€Å"Traditional waysRead MoreTransformations in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson704 Words   |  3 PagesDr. Jekyll being an eminent doctor, with a powerful social and educational background, has an extremely sophisticated and refined appearance â€Å"a large, well-made, smooth-faced man of fifty† (44). As the quote suggests Dr. Jekyll has a majestic and renowned persona. The charity he does for the society, and his living Standards are all visible through the appearance he manifests. On the other hand, Hyde being Dr. Jekyll’s contrivance, to carry out evil purposes has an unattractive appearance and a repellentRead More Londons Social Class in Robert Louis Stevenson Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde747 Words   |  3 PagesLondons Social Class in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde One Victorian sentiment was that a civilized individual could be determined by her/his appearance. This notion was readily adopted by the upper classes and, among other things, helped shape their views of the lower classes, who certainly appeared inferior to them. In regards to social mobility, members of the upper classes may have (through personal tragedy or loss) often moved to a lower-class status, but rarely did one see an individual moveRead MoreA feminist reading of Doris Lessing’s ‘To Room Nineteen’ and ‘Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ by Robert Louis Stevenson using ideas discussed in ‘The Second Sex’ by Simone de Beauvoir2446 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿A feminist reading of Doris Lessing’s ‘To Room Nineteen’ and ‘Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ by Robert Louis Stevenson using ideas discussed in ‘The Second Sex’ by Simone de Beauvoir. The concept of Simone de Beauvoir’s myth of women discussed in ‘The Second Sex’ was still very much prevalent in the 1960s when ‘To Room nineteen’ was set and certainly at the time of ‘Strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’. In the 1960s, in accordance with the second wave of feminism, women were thoughtRead More Robert Stevenson Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pages Robert Louis Stevenson began writing during the Victorian era. His style was unlike anyone elseamp;#8217;s and his stories are still popular today. Robert Louis Stevenson was an author of many classic novels and his literary success became popular when he wrote the mystery called The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Robert Louis Stevenson wrote The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in 1886 at the young age of thirty-six. He was born on November 13, 1850 in Edinburgh, Scotland. HisRead MoreIdeas Of Good And Evil Follow From The Earliest Of Days.847 Words   |  4 Pagesfollow from the earliest of days. Robert Louis Stevenson’s parents lived devout in their Christianity, but Stevenson did not follow their ideas. G.B. Stern suggests that â€Å"Although he had rejected the Calvinist doctrines his parents taught him, the focus of the interplay of good and evil continued to influence his imagination† (Stern). Stevenson forced his parents away, but their ideas stayed in his thoughts and even affected The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. His past affected his writing

Common drugs used in the Emergency Room Essay Example For Students

Common drugs used in the Emergency Room Essay By Henry Feldman, ?2001(Edited by Lewis Nelson, MD)Routes of administrationIVIntravenous administration is when the drug is given in liquid form directly into a vein. This is oftendone by placing a venous catheter to allow easy administration. IMDirect injection into the muscle. Often a painful mode of administration, and provides a slow routeof absorption. POBy mouth (Per Orum). Typically intermediate between IM and IV in speed of absorption. (is thistrue?)PRRectal administration (Per Rectum). The rectum is actually a very quick method of drugadministration as the rectum is highly vascular. This route is often used in children. ETCertain drugs can be given down an endotracheal tube. The drugs are given at 2-2.5 times normalIV dose. Drugs are followed with a saline bolus of ~10ml. The acronym for drugs that can go downan ET tube is ALONE:? A ? Atropine? L ? Lidocaine? O ? Oxygen? N ? Naloxone (Narcan)? E ? EpinephrineDrug ListLidocaineLidocaine has 2 uses: It is a local anesthetic when injected subcutaneously (and it can be usedfor a nerve block). It is also an antidysrhythmic drug when injected IV (used to treat cardiacdysrhythmias). Anesthetic preparations come in 2 forms: with and without epinephrine. Theepinephrine is added to reduce absorption and prolong the effect. A classic question by theresident/attending is: What is the toxic dose when used as a local anesthetic (Answer: 5mg/kg forlidocaine without epi, and 7mg/kg with epi.)EpinephrineEpinephrine is a natural substance produced by the adrenal gland (a.k.a. adrenaline). Epinephrine is used in emergencies to stimulate the heart or to dilate the bronchial tree. Its use islimited by cardiac side effects. It is also mixed with lidocaine to prolong lidocaine?s effect and tocontrol bleeding. Furosemide (Lasix)Lasix is a diuretic, which is given IV or PO, which causes the patient to produce more urine. Thisis often given to reduce the fluid overload in patients with congestive heart failure (a.k.a. CHF) orhypertension. Diazepam (Valium)Diazepam is a benzodiazepine that is used both as a powerful sedative and as an anticonvulsantfor patients with seizures. You will see it used for alcohol withdrawal, cocaine toxicity,and status epilepticus (i.e. uncontrolled seizures). Diazepam may produce respiratory depression. Midazolam (Versed)Versed is a very powerful short acting benzodiazepine type of sedative and is used to sedatepatients for painful procedures. Excessive dosing may produce respiration depression (whengiven i.v.) or coma. Haloperidol (Haldol)Haldol is a antipsychotic with powerful sedative properties. It is often used for patients who areacting in a psychotic manner. It should not be used to treat alcohol withdrawal or cocaince toxicity. In sufficient quantities it will render the patient unconscious. SuccinylcholineOften called ?sux? (pronounced sucks), it is a paralytic, resulting in total muscular paralysis. It willmost often be used for ?rapid-sequence-intubation? to make tracheal intubation easier and toallow the patient to be mechanically ventilated. It has no analgesic properities and paralyzedpatients see, hear and feel everything like a zombie! thus it is never used without sedation. AtropineAtropine is used for several purposes, including inducing the heart to beat faster (i.e. chronotropy) as well as an antidote for certain organophosphate poisonings. It is sometimesused as a drug for patients with severe asthma. It can also be dripped into the eyes to producedilation of the pupil (although this is a different formulation). Can also be used to dry up respiratorysecretions during procedures. HeparinHeparin is an anticoagulant used to prevent blood from clotting. It is used in patients suspectedof having a myocardial infarction and to prep the syringe for an arterial-blood-gas for the samereason. .ua264c57e954caa63ddf28547e95ae9d7 , .ua264c57e954caa63ddf28547e95ae9d7 .postImageUrl , .ua264c57e954caa63ddf28547e95ae9d7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua264c57e954caa63ddf28547e95ae9d7 , .ua264c57e954caa63ddf28547e95ae9d7:hover , .ua264c57e954caa63ddf28547e95ae9d7:visited , .ua264c57e954caa63ddf28547e95ae9d7:active { border:0!important; } .ua264c57e954caa63ddf28547e95ae9d7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua264c57e954caa63ddf28547e95ae9d7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua264c57e954caa63ddf28547e95ae9d7:active , .ua264c57e954caa63ddf28547e95ae9d7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua264c57e954caa63ddf28547e95ae9d7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua264c57e954caa63ddf28547e95ae9d7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua264c57e954caa63ddf28547e95ae9d7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua264c57e954caa63ddf28547e95ae9d7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua264c57e954caa63ddf28547e95ae9d7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua264c57e954caa63ddf28547e95ae9d7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua264c57e954caa63ddf28547e95ae9d7 .ua264c57e954caa63ddf28547e95ae9d7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua264c57e954caa63ddf28547e95ae9d7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Creatine In Sport EssayValproic AcidValproic Acid is used as an anticonvulsant medication. It is not typically used in the emergencytreatment of seizures, but toxicity can often be seen with seizure patients who have taken toomuch. PhenobarbitalPhenobarbital is a barbiturate which is used either as a sedative and/or anticonvulsantmedication. PentobarbitalSimilar to phenobarbital but much faster acting and with a duration of effect. It is used as ananticonvulsant medication and to treat severe alcohol withdrawal. Often used in a continuousdrip for patients who continue to seize. Methylprednisolone (Solumedrol)Solu-medrol is a long acting corticosteroid. It is often used to prevent the recurrence ofanaphylaxis after the epinephrine has worn off and for patients with asthma. It has a half-life ofaround 6 hours. Albuterol (Proventil)Albuterol is a bronchodilator, used in a nebulizer for asthma patients. Typically a drop (0.5 mg)of albuterol is suspended in saline and nebulized with oxygen. Often referred to as ?how manynebs the patient got?. Ampicillin/Sulbactam (Unasyn)This is an antibiotic (ampicillin) with the second compound added to prevent bacterial ?lactamasesfrom working (which interfere with penicillins). This overcomes the antibiotic resistanceacquired by many bacteria. FlourosceinThis is a fluorescent dye used to stain the cornea to look for scratches or ulcers. Scratches andulcers will selectively retain the dye, making them glow under the cobalt-blue light of anopthalmoscope. Ketorolac (Toradol)Ketorolac is a powerful NSAID, used for severe headaches, musculo-skeletal pain, kidneystones and inflammation. Morphine SulfateMorphine is a powerful opiate (derived from opium and similar to heroin) that is used as a pain killer(i.e. analgesic). However, as a side effect it can suppress respirations. Naloxone (Narcan)Narcan is the antidote to opioids such as heroin or morphine. It is very rapidly acting andcompetes with the opioid for the opioid receptor. Be careful when administering this drug, as itmay cause withdrawal in opioid tolerant patients. PrednisonePrednisone is a corticosteroid that is given for asthma and as an anti-inflammatory. A side effectof prolonged use is Cushing?s syndrome and often you may see tremors. RocuroniumOften called ?rock?, it is a paralytic. Administration produces total muscular paralysis. It is mostoften used for ?rapid-sequence-intubation? to make tracheal intubation easier and to allow thepatient to be mechanically ventilated. It has no analgesic properities and paralyzed patients see,hear and feel everything and should never used without sedation. PilocarpinePilocarpine is dripped into the eyes to produce constriction of the pupil in patients with glaucoma. DopamineDopamine is a mild pressor agent, which is administered IV to produce vasoconstriction and raise apatient?s blood presure. Phenytoin (Dilantin)Dilantin is an anticonvulsant. As a side effect, when administered too fast, it can inducehypotension. N-Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)Mucomyst is given in cases of acetaminophen toxicity (e.g. Tylenol). tPATissue plasminogen activator is a thrombolytic agent, used to lyse blood clots in patients withmyocardial infarction (a.k.a. heart attacks), non-hemorrhagic CVA?s (a.k.a. strokes) and PE?s (a.k.a. pulmonary emboli). Thrombolytics can cause hemorrhage and should be used with care. StreptokinaseStreptokinase is a thrombolytic (note: discovered here at NYU) made by Streptococcus bacteriawhich dissolves clots, similar to tPA (although through a different mechanism)Diltiazem(Cardizem)Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker used to slow the heart down in patients with certaintypes of tachycardias such as atrial fibrillation. MetoprololMetoprolol is a beta-blocker which is used to slow down the heart and lower blood-pressure. These drugs are not typically used in asthmatics, as they can induce bronchoconstriction. AtenololAtenolol is a beta-blocker similar to metoprolol. AdenosineAdenosine (the A of ATP fame) is used as an antidysrhythmic to break certain cardiacdysrhythmias; it is often used in patients with supraventricular tachycardia. The half life of the drugis only a few seconds, and can often induce non-pathologic asystole (flat line on an EKG) for a fewseconds. .u4827b99925cfe79e53a807edba9a148d , .u4827b99925cfe79e53a807edba9a148d .postImageUrl , .u4827b99925cfe79e53a807edba9a148d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4827b99925cfe79e53a807edba9a148d , .u4827b99925cfe79e53a807edba9a148d:hover , .u4827b99925cfe79e53a807edba9a148d:visited , .u4827b99925cfe79e53a807edba9a148d:active { border:0!important; } .u4827b99925cfe79e53a807edba9a148d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4827b99925cfe79e53a807edba9a148d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4827b99925cfe79e53a807edba9a148d:active , .u4827b99925cfe79e53a807edba9a148d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4827b99925cfe79e53a807edba9a148d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4827b99925cfe79e53a807edba9a148d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4827b99925cfe79e53a807edba9a148d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4827b99925cfe79e53a807edba9a148d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4827b99925cfe79e53a807edba9a148d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4827b99925cfe79e53a807edba9a148d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4827b99925cfe79e53a807edba9a148d .u4827b99925cfe79e53a807edba9a148d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4827b99925cfe79e53a807edba9a148d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Logic is not Practical EssayDigoxinDigoxin (a derivative of the Foxglove plant) is a cardiac drug used to slow conduction throughthe heart, especially in cases of atrial-fibrillation. As a side effect it can produce variousdysrhythmias including ventricular fibrillation and aystole. Metronidazole (Flagyl)Flagyl is an antibiotic used against anaerobic bacteria and certain parasites. As a side effectpatients can become violently ill to their stomachs from consuming alcohol with Flagyl (similar toAntabuse)VancomycinVancomycin is the ?last ditch? antibiotic, used for highly resistant bacteria. It is fairly toxic to thepatient, and often is a hobson?s choice to administer to a septic, shocky patient. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)Bactrim is a ?sulfa? class antibiotic and is often used in urinary tract infections. KetamineA sedative often used in conjuction with other sedatives (such as midazolam or diazepam). PepcidPepcid is a systemic antacid (H2 blocker) which takes 30-45 minutes to take effect, but lasts forseveral hours. Similar to ranitidine (Zantac) and cimetidine (Tagamet). NSNS stands for Normal Saline, which is 0.9% Sodium Chloride, and is the usual fluid given to apatient who needs fluid due to dehydration. It is approximately isotonic. LRLR stands for Lactated Ringers, which is Normal Saline with other electrolytes. Due to thepresence of the other electrolytes, there is a limit to how much can be administered within aspecific period of time. D5, D10, D25 and D50The D stands for Dextrose, which is a stable form of glucose. This solution is given IV to givethe patient glucose. This is never given IM, as high concentrations of glucose cause tissue deathoutside the vasculature. Other useful termsQDOnce per DayBIDTwice per dayTIDThree times per dayQIDFour times per dayQHSAt the hour of sleepNPONothing by mouth

Understanding the Cause of Homelessness Essay Example For Students

Understanding the Cause of Homelessness Essay Being homeless is often defined as sleeping on the streets. Although this is the most visible and severe form of homelessness, there are many other types of acute housing need. These include living in temporary accommodation, poor or overcrowded conditions, or being in mortgage arrears and under threat of re-possession. (Hope 1986) It is a symptom of many complex problems: mental illness, emotional instability, illiteracy, chronic substance abuse, unemployment, and, most basic of all, breakdown of the family structure. Anyone can become homeless and the reasons that force people into homelessness are many and varied. The leading cause, however, of homelessness in the United States is the inability of poor people to afford housing. Housing costs have risen significantly over the last decade, while the incomes of poor and middle-class Americans have stagnated. (Erickson 1991) The millions of Americans who are unemployed or work in low-paying jobs are among the most vulnerable to becoming homeless. Therefore, homelessness, housing and income are inextricably linked. Low-income people are frequently unable to pay for housing, food, child-care, health care, and education. Difficult choices must be made when limited resources cover only some of these necessities. We will write a custom essay on Understanding the Cause of Homelessness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Often it is housing, which takes a high proportion of income that must be dropped. Two major sources of income are from employment and public assistance. A decrease in either one of them would certainly put poor people at risk of homelessness. Additionally, minimum wage earnings no longer lift families above the poverty line. More than 3 million poor Americans spend more than half of their total income on housing, yet the Department of Housing and Urban Development estimates families should spend no more than 30%. (Gilbert 1993) Although many homeless adults are employed, they work in day-labor jobs that do not meet basic needs, while technological acceleration excludes others from a competitive job market. Many factors have contributed to declining work opportunities for large segments of the workforce, including the loss of well-paying manufacturing jobs. The decline in relatively secure and well-paying jobs in manufacturing, which have been replaced by less secure and poorly-paid jobs in the service sector, has greatly limited the opportunities for poorly-educated and low-skilled segments of the population. This transformation has led to an unprecedented incidence of chronic unemployment and underemployment. (Hardin 1996) Underemployment is an especially useful measure of the decline in secure jobs since, unlike the unemployment rate, measures of underemployment reflect not only individuals who are unemployed, but also involuntary part-timers and those who have given up seeking work. (Hardin 1996) In addition to increasing underemployment, an estimated 29.4% of the workforce are employed in nonstandard work arrangements (Economic Policy Institute, 1997) for example, independent cont racting, working for a temporary help agency, day labor, and regular part-time employment. These kinds of work arrangements typically offer lower wages, fewer benefits, and less job security. As recently as 1967, a year-round worker earning the minimum wage was paid enough to raise a family of three above the poverty line (Sklar, 1995). From 1981-1990, however, the minimum wage was frozen at $3.35 an hour, while the cost of living increased 48% over the same period. Congress raised the minimum wage to $5.15 per hour in 1996. This increase made up only slightly more than half of the ground lost to inflation in the 1980s (Shapiro, 1995b). Thus, full-time year-round minimum-wage earnings currently not equal to the estimated poverty line for a family of three. Unsurprisingly, the decline in the value of the minimum wage has been accompanied by an increase in the number of people earning poverty-level wages and the declining wages have put housing out of reach for many workers: in every state. Slashed public assistance has also left many people homeless or at risk of homelessness. Replacement of the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) entitlement program a program that was already inadequate in meeting the needs of families with the non-entitlement block rant program will significantly increased the risk of homelessness for many Americans. (Foscarinas 1996) Furthermore, earned income and asset limitations discourage individuals and families from breaking the cycle of homelessness and extreme poverty. .udfa989daff205c879d3516f2e9f23f43 , .udfa989daff205c879d3516f2e9f23f43 .postImageUrl , .udfa989daff205c879d3516f2e9f23f43 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udfa989daff205c879d3516f2e9f23f43 , .udfa989daff205c879d3516f2e9f23f43:hover , .udfa989daff205c879d3516f2e9f23f43:visited , .udfa989daff205c879d3516f2e9f23f43:active { border:0!important; } .udfa989daff205c879d3516f2e9f23f43 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udfa989daff205c879d3516f2e9f23f43 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udfa989daff205c879d3516f2e9f23f43:active , .udfa989daff205c879d3516f2e9f23f43:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udfa989daff205c879d3516f2e9f23f43 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udfa989daff205c879d3516f2e9f23f43 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udfa989daff205c879d3516f2e9f23f43 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udfa989daff205c879d3516f2e9f23f43 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udfa989daff205c879d3516f2e9f23f43:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udfa989daff205c879d3516f2e9f23f43 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udfa989daff205c879d3516f2e9f23f43 .udfa989daff205c879d3516f2e9f23f43-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udfa989daff205c879d3516f2e9f23f43:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hate Crime Laws Essay Several states have terminated or reduced public assistance and food stamps for .