Women in Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Women in Islam - Essay Example She has equally rights to get education and shows her skills in every field of life even in battle fields which some precedent examples are found in the history of Islam as well. She has given the rights to express her thoughts and to act upon her thoughts .Islam gave protection to women by describing laws for women protection like the dower concept in Islam is one step for women social life protection. Islam gave rights to the women at that time when the birth of a baby girl was considered as a curse in society .Islam preached lesson of equality and justice in society, and preached that women are equal to men in rights in society and both sex have to take care of each other rights and self-respect. So in short actions like forced girls marriages, their genitals mutilation forbidding them to drive cars and subjecting them to the humiliation of "instant" divorce are not Islamic actions at all and are against the Islamic laws. Islam was a revolutionary religion for all universe including women the first state policies declared for women safety in society were described by Islam. By Quran and hadith the impact of Islamic faith on women: Spiritual equality of men and women: In Islam men and women are equal spiritually if they are doing good will be blessed by God else will be punished and the criteria for measurement of their deeds is same and equal, both will face equal punishment by doing bad and will enjoy blessing if doing good .

The Process Of Cell Division In Animals Coursework

The Process Of Cell Division In Animals - Coursework Example The cell cycle comprises of four important stages. S stage is for synthesis and DNA replication occurs in this stage. G2 comes after and S phase and is the phase of DNA repair and correction of any mistakes made during DNA replication. Only the cells with repaired DNA are allowed to enter the M phase. M phase or mitosis is when nuclear and cytoplasmic division occurs culminating in the formation of daughter cells. Cytokinesis is the cytoplasmic division of the parent cells. When a fibrin ring called actin contracts around the center of the cell, it leads to pinching of the cell into two daughter cells, each containing one nucleus. Interphase is not technically a part of mitosis as it is the phase in which the cell is metabolically prepared for mitosis. Chromosomes are not clearly distinguished and the pair of centrioles starts appearing. 5. Suppose someone presented data from their research that showed the DNA of a newly discovered species was composed of: 30% adenine, 30% guanine, 2 0% thymine, 20% cytosine. Based on what you know about DNA structure, explain why these data do not make sense. The Chargaff’s rules indicate that the amount of adenosine equals the amount of Thymine and the amount of Guanine equals the amount of Cytosine. Therefore, the total purines equal the total pyrimidines. However, the rules only apply on double-stranded DNA or double stranded RNA and single stranded nucleic acids such as in viruses do not follow the Chargaff’s rule. The data presented shows 30% adenosine and 20% thymine, and 30% guanine in comparison to 20% cytosine. This data contradicts the Chargaff’s rule, indicating that it is not a double-stranded nucleic acid and most likely represents the base pairing of single-stranded nucleic acid, maybe in viruses. 6. What are the differences between a covalent bond and an ionic bond? In a covalent bond, the atoms are bound by the sharing of electrons. The electrons are shared either equally or unequally betwee n the two atoms. If the electrons are shared equally between the two atoms, the covalent bond is said to be non-polar. If the electron is attracted more towards one atom than another, it leads to the formation of a polar covalent bond, for example the molecule of water H2O. In contrast, the ionic bond of two atoms is formed by the forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions. For example, NaCl is formed by the positively charged Sodium (Na) atom and the negatively charged Chloride (Cl) atom. 7. Water is crucial for life as we know it. One of the most important characteristics of water is its ability to act as a solvent. Explain why water is such a good solvent for polar and charged molecules. The physical and chemical composition of water makes it a very good solvent for polar and charged molecules. Water molecule is made up of positive electrical charge of Hydrogen atoms and the negative charge of Oxygen atom. This forms a very strong polar covalent bond and contributes it a property of being a good solvent, by disrupting the attractive forced between other charged molecules. The polar molecules are easily dissolved in water because the forces of attraction are disrupted between the solute. The positive charges are attracted towards the negative Oxygen pole of water and the negative charges of the solute are attracted towards the positive Hydrogen pole of water. The atoms of solute are then surrounded by water molecules, making it a good solvent for charged and polar molecules. 8. Suppose you are taking a cruise from California to Hawaii. About halfway there, the ship begins to sink. You are able to board a lifeboat, but now you are floating in the ocean waiting to be rescued. After several days, you are so thirsty that you bend over the side of the boat and drink

Business Law Essay Example for Free

Business Law Essay Introduction Law plays important roles to protect benefits, obligations and bringing fair for everybody in society. This report gives information about tortuous liability, contractual liability, vicarious liability, the tort of negligence and defences. After that, I can determine liability of person who is responsible when violations as well as providing advices for the legal problems in business of VJSC. (3.1) Contrast liability in torts with contractual liability Tortuous liability will be applied when occurs the law violation of civil nature that infringes on the rights and legal interests of others as a legal entity or individual. In addition, the rights and legal interests are not specified in the contract between the parties. Contractual liability is the parties sign in the contract based on satisfy about agreement, negotiation and terms of contract. They are completely voluntary to enter into a contract and having contractual liability each other. The tortuous liability and contractual liability have the same point are violations of the law and suffer liability under civil law. The liable party has responsibility for compensation by payments for any losses from their wrong. Differences: Tortuous liability Contractual liability A law violation of non-contractual damages. Parties related to the violations which they have no contractual relationship with each other even they are strangers. Tort is the basis for generating tortuous liability so the person wronged has responsibility to any persons who are damaged from their behaviour. Cannot measure clearly the damages. Difficult to determine exactly compensation rate so the compensation will be based on the actual extent of damage occurred. A violation of the contents which parties signed in the contract. Parties have a close relationship because they have time for agreements and sign the contract together. If the breach of contract occurs that the person violated have a contractual liability to the other party of the contract. The damages can be quantitative because they are regulated in the contract. The compensation under the liquidated damage that means compensation which determined based on the formula and stipulations that the parties have agreed in the contract. (3.2) Explain the nature of liability in negligence (3.3) Explain how a business can be vicariously liable A human who lives in society must follow the provisions of law is having a duty of care by respecting and protecting the rights and benefit legal of others. Negligence is behaviour which infringes on the rights and legal interests of others. However, these behaviours are not deliberate actions by an individual or entity who did not perform well their reasonable care which bring the consequences of monetary damages or personal injury. To sue a person who violating behaviour of negligence, the claimant need to prove those factors: Defendant owes the claimant a duty of care. Defendant breaches the duty of care. The tort of negligence has to a direct reason that brings damage or loss for the claimant. Vicarious liability is many people who related to damage occurs will have responsibility for the damage by misconduct. In business, the relationship of employer and employee is an important part of vicarious liability because employers will have the strong financial capacity to compensation to the injured party. Therefore, employer will be the main responsible for damage caused by their employee prescribed by law. After that, the employee has to  refund that amount for employer. There are factors to determine vicarious liability between employer and employee: They have a valid relationship employment between employer and employee. Employee implements the tort act in the course of their work that base on the agreement and requirement of employer. Case 1: there are two problems occur. The first problem The VJSC software company engages SP an event management company to coordinate and provide corporate hospitality for event’s clients. Trinh Van is an employee of SP and he installs equipments needed to serve for event in time constraint so he did not completely testing for all equipments. Unfortunately, an explosion happens causing some guest got minor burns and damage to the software. However, Trinh Van had left the company just one week before the event. Explain the liability in negligence and vicariously liable of the first problem. The negligent in this case is Trinh Van did not have fully in checking and testing for those things installed in the event. Thus, Trinh Van had violated the duty of care because with the nature of his work that he has a reasonably foreseeable the damage and consequences. Therefore, Trinh Van also breach duty of care because he did not have fully tested so that two damages caused by the explosion are clients of VJSC got minor burns and damage their software. Although Trinh Van had left SP one week before the event but at the time he performed his work that he still an employee of SP so there was a relationship employment and vicarious liability between Trinh Van and SP. Therefore, SP will have responsibility for damage by explosion and then SP has the right to require Trinh Van refund the amount that SP paid for caused damage of Trinh Van. Follow case Lister and ors Hesley Hall Ltd 2001 (Course book,2010) Children resident of a boarding school sexual abused by warden. Thus, the school was vicariously liable for warden because the nature of this job is supervise students during learning process which  created connection with the acts of abuse. To compliance with regulations of the duty of care that Trinh Van has responsibility to implement regulations about in checking and testing things installed to make sure that do not have any damage is likely to occur for clients as well as any assets in the area of the event. The relationship between SP and VJSC is a contractor to perform the event. However, the damage caused by explosion not only for software but also with some guess of VJSC. Otherwise, VJSC is the main subject of the event and they are an occupiers’ liability in the event so they have to ensure the safe for visitors who enter in the event. Moreover, VJSC has work done by SP as an independent contractor so that they also have vicarious liability for damage of guesses. The second problem. SP hired a SECurity contractor to protect for performing the event. The security staff’s had a specific instruction not to let anyone without an invitation. In case, someone who tries to enter the event without the invitation so the staff should inform to SP who then contact VJSC staff to attend and resolve the problem. However, Van Dao tried to enter into the event during the commotion and he was caught by Truong La who was SECuritys staff. The result was Van Dao injured by violenty of Truong La. Explain the liability in negligence and vicariously liable of the second problem. The regulations of SECurity that if any security guys have problems with people who try to enter without invitation so they should radio a member of SP who then contact VJSC employee to solve that problem. However, Truong La did not follow those regulations of SECurity when Van Dao enter in the event. As a result of Van Dao tried to unlawfully enter in the event during the commotion that he was twisted the arm and threw to the ground by Truong La so he breached the duty of care. Instead of the tort act, Truong La should hold Van Dao to prevent him enter the event and then inform this problem to  member of SP. Truong La had a tort of negligence in work because he has a reasonable foreseeable about damage for his act with Van Dao. Thus, the SECurity company has a liability for damage of Van Dao because Truong La is an employee of SECurity so there was a relationship employment between them. After that, Truong La has a liability to refund the amount that SECurity paid for caused damage of Van Dao. Base on case Lister and ors Hesley Hall Ltd 2001 (Course book, 2010) However, the compensation liability for damage of Van Dao will be reduced because mistake of Van Dao and Truong La were considered as contributory negligence so there are some defences for the tort of Truong La as: Van Dao is a trespasser. Van Dao can also predict there will be damage to himself in trespassing. Van Dao also has mistake for intentional enter in the event.   In this case, even SP hired SECurity company and the relationship between them are contractor but SP is not an occupier of the event. Therefore, SP does not have a various liability with SECurity about the damage of Van Dao. (4.1) Apply the elements of the tort of negligence and defences in the above different business situations for the legal officer who is assigned to VJSC (4.2) Apply the elements of vicarious liability in above different business situations for the legal officer who is assigned to VJSC Bui and Do was to pick Tran Vu up celebrate at petrol kiosk of Vu’s father where Vu works part time because Bui and Do completed of a software project. Suddenly rockets from an organized fireworks display fall into the petrol kiosk and garage forecourt of Vu’s father. It leads to the car of Bui and Do catch fire and two of them escapes but Do was trap short in the car so he felt shock and fainted. In other hand, Vu gets outside the office to save the vintage Vespa as requirement of his father is Tran Cao. However, Vespa was completely destroyed. Apply the element of negligence and defences and vicariously liable Event  organizer will be liable for damage because the duty of care of organising a fireworks display is ensuring that there is no damage about health, safe as well as assets of the other. However, they breached duty of care because the launch mechanism for rocket had wrong assembled by the event organizer but this event was taking place. Causing by the negligence of event organizer’s that leads to rockets from the fireworks event crashed into petrol kiosk and also catch fire to Bui’s car. After that, the fire spread in a short time so the vintage Vespa of Tran Cao was destroyed. In general, the main damage in this case about assets are petrol kiosk, scooter, car and there is no damage about human because Bui and Do escaped from the fire and they just feel a bit sick. We can find out defences for event organizer if they properly installed for the rockets launch mechanism and make sure that there is no mistakes from fireworks process so we can consider that the accident of Bui, Do, Vu and Tran Cao is an unavoidable accident because event organizer cannot be foreseen or predicted by the exercise of ordinary care for this kind of accident. Based on case Stanley and Powell 1891 (Course book,2010) The facts: In a shooting party, Powell fired at a pheasant. Unluckily, the bullet hit on a tree and a pellet glanced off a tree that bring injured for Stanley who are a beater of Powell. Decision: The defendant will not have liable with claimant because this accident is no one can anticipate. However, in the fact of this case that event organiser had not been properly assembled for rocket’s launch mechanism. Therefore, event organiser got mistakes in organizing fireworks process that causes for damage of petrol kiosk, car, scooter and human. In addition, the unavoidable accident just applies to the damage or injury which does not result from negligence. Therefore, we cannot apply defences for event organizer so they will be liable for damage caused by their negligence. To organize a fireworks display that event organizer will has lots employee for implementing. Therefore, with the damage occurred that lead to vicarious  liability between the event organiser and the employee who has responsibility for installation rocket’s launch mechanism because there was a relationship employment between them so the event organizer has a liability for damage caused by their employees. Beside that, Tran Cao told Tran Vu â€Å"take the fire extinguisher, get outside and put the fire out and save the scooter†(Scenario) but Tran Vu cared for the injure of his colleague so the scooter was completely destroyed. In this case Tran Cao is principal and Tran Vu is an agent so between Tran Cao and Tran Vu also exists vicarious liability with the damage of Tran Cao’s Vespa. Therefore, the vicarious liability between Tran Cao and Tran Vu also help the event organizer in reducing liability for damage of scooter because it considered as a contributory negligence from two sides. Follow case Ormrod Crossville Motor Service 1953 (Course book, 2010) A car owner asked a friend to drive his car to Monte Carlo for his work and then they were going to holiday. However, a damage to claimant’s bus occurred by the friend’s negligent driving. In this case, the friend was driving to Monte Carlo is for the car owner’s purpose so he was vicariously liable wi th his friend. Conclusion From this report, we can realize that anyone in society need to have the knowledge about tortuous liability to know the way to solve law problems in life and business activities. Moreover, we also understand the importance of duty of care as well as the unfortunate consequences of non-compliance of duty of care to remind everyone should more carefully when doing anything. References Business essentials – Supporting HNC/HND (2010) London: BPP Learning Media Ltd – Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business Course book, Introduction to types of tort, chapter 12. Business essentials – Supporting HNC/HND (2010) London: BPP Learning Media Ltd – Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business Course book, Business and economic tort – Negligence, chapter 13. Business essentials – Supporting HNC/HND (2010) London: BPP Learning Media Ltd – Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business Course book, Business and economic tort – Occupiers’ liability, chapter 13. Business essentials – Supporting HNC/HND (2010) London: BPP Learning Media Ltd – Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business Course book, Defences and remedies in tort – Unavoidable accident case Stanley and Powell 1891, chapter 14.

Memory Storage of Psychological Present and Past Events

Memory Storage of Psychological Present and Past Events Table of Contents (Jump to) 1. Introduction: 2. Stages involved in learning and memory based on the multi-store approach 3. Differences between short term and long term memory 3.1 Short Term Memory: 3.2 Long Term Memory: 4. Functions of memory system in human interactions based on theories of memories: 4.1 Memory Encoding: 4.2 Memory Consolidation: 4.3 Memory Storage: 4.4 Memory Recall/Retrieval: 5. Conclusion References: 1. Introduction: Memory is known as the encoding, storing, retaining and recalling of the information in the human brain (Fukuda and Vogel, 2010). It is the ability of remembering of the past events, and the process to recall past facts, impressions, skills, experiences, and habits (Basden, 2000). Short-term memory refers as the scratch-pad for recalling of past information. Despite the everyday experiences it likes as long-term memory that lasts short time, and able of storing of unlimited amount of information almost indefinitely. At the time of recalling, neural activity model acts used in generating of the response to definite event, resonating of the brains discernment of the real event. Memories are not stored in brains in such a collection of self-sufficient pictures and video clips, as books on library abandons, or even as thinking of collage or a tangram puzzle, because these consists of the different elements storing dissimilar parts to the brain related with the organizations, associations as well as networks. In this context, this assignment is organised into three sections. The first section reveals the stages engaged in learning and memory according to the multi-store approach; the second section works on the differences between short term and long term memory; and the last section discusses the various functions of memory. 2. Stages involved in learning and memory based on the multi-store approach In psychology, memory is the procedure of information encoding, storing, and retrieving (Anyang, 2005). Basically, the new English word consists of memory that generated to us which coming from the memories of Anglo France and ultimately from the Latin me moral and memo, meaning mindful or remembering (Auyang, 2001). The effect or influence of the human behavior in case of past experience is thought of terms of memories. Encoding is allowed of the information from the external world for reaching of the 5th senses. Those are known as physical and chemical effect. The information of different things must be altered that is put into the encoded process in the 1st step of memories. It is the capability of remembering the past events and the ability to recall experienced facts, impressions, assistances, experiences as well as habits. The 2nd step of the memories’ procedures is the storing (Fukuda and Vogel, 2010). This entails that information is maintained for the future time periods. Lastly, retrieving of the storing information is the 3rd step of the memories. The retrieved information is returned and posted to the sense. Different retrieved information is considered as effective because of the information gathered and other challenges in order to remember and store information. It can be for the demand level of the situation created. It can clearly be stated that, memory is connected to but distinct from learning, which is the process of acquiring knowledge of the world and modifying subsequent behavior (Laird, 1920). During the learning process, neurons due to the production of the defined past events are changed as there is the inclination for firing in the field of memories. The explanation is as follows, a new language is learnt by studying it, but speaking is done by using memory to retrieve the words that are learned. Childhood is the period from birth to 10 years. One does not remember everything that happened in this childhood, but the important events are stored in the subconscious mind. Childhood is a mixture of joy and sorrows. When a man is sick of the present he seeks relief in the past and fondly recalls the memories of childhood (Michael, 1992). In fact, learning fact is the important issues of the memories because the fact tells us storing and retrieving of the past information the learning is ter med as the extension of the memories. Besides this, computer is used in the concept of memories. The storing of different data and information and capacity of this is known as the recalling concept of memories. 3. Differences between short term and long term memory The memory model tells that, the encoding process, consolidating process, storing process, and retrieving and recalling process are known as the memory process (Don, 1971). Considering these, two types of memories are available there including short term and long term memory. The short term memory and long term memory are the important part of the learning of the memory concept. 3.1 Short Term Memory: Short term memories are the memories known as the scratch pad (Yates, 1966). These terms are for the recalling past events, experiences, facts for a future short term period. The short term memories are short in term of remembering (James, 2008). The small and little amount of information is retrieved and storing for a shorter period of the life cycles. The short term memories are also known as the temporary memory. A limited and short capacity and ability of the remembering of past information is in the short term memories. It is called as the present reasoning condition and process (Izquierdo, 1998). It holds a smaller amount of information. It is a call up of the past information. In the short term memories, the brain of the human beings can flesh and store and retried for the shorter time. The short term memories are the smallest simple and easy expedient. The short term memories are served as the temporary storing of the past information, events, class, experiences, data’ s and past facts (Locke, 1971). The short term memories are also used as the working memories concept of the human being perspective. The short term memories are explained in the law of millers. The short term memories are the stage of the storing, repetition, and the reinforcing of the human remembering of the events. The classification of the definition of the short term memories is the three parts. These three parts of the human short term memories are given bellow: Duration of the keeping events in mind: 0- 12 seconds in the time scale Capacity of the items or events of storing information: 9 +/- 4 events or items or data The encoding process of the short term memories: it is the auditor in terms The important less things are stored (Micheal.1990). In the short term memories, the small capacity of the events and information is required. The short term memories are paying less importance and attention on the remembering of the events. In the short term memories, less interference is given on focusing point. 3.2 Long Term Memory: The long term memory refers to the storing of the past experiences, events, facts, data and information for an unlimited time scale of the human life cycles (James, 2008). The events and information and experiences are gathered and stored and retrieved in the latter period. In the long term memories the capacity of the storage are the unlimited in terms. The long term memories do not overlap from the mind immediately but overlap for the latter period of the time scale of the human life. The long term memories are also known as the lasted memory cycles (Bartlett, 1932). An unlimited and long and large capacity and ability of the remembering of past information included in the long term memories. It is called as the future reasoning condition and process. It holds a larger amount of information. It is not known as calls up of the past information but known as the expressing of the past information. The physical changes are happened in case of the remembering of the past events and info rmation. In the long term memories the brain of the human beings cannot flesh and but the position and condition are required as storing and retrieving for the long time period. The long term memories are the largest difficult and not easy expedient. The long term memories are served as the latest and lasting storing of the past information, events, class, experiences, data’s and past facts. The long term memories are also used as the working memories concept of the human being perspective. The long term memories are the stage of the storing, repetition, and the reinforcing of the human remembering of the events (Izquierdo, 1998). The classification of the definition of the long term memories is the three parts. These three parts of the human short term memories are given bellow: Duration of the keeping events in mind: unlimited time scale Capacity of the items or events of storing information: unlimited events or items or data The encoding process of the long term memories: it is the auditor in terms The important and essential things are stored It is visual and auditor It is semantic For understanding of the short term memory and long term memory difference the critical strengths of evaluation are required for the perspective (James, 2008). The short term memory is weakened and the long term memory is durable (Kandel, 2009). The short term moor encoding in short term in nature and duration and capacity also refers to the differences. 4. Functions of memory system in human interactions based on theories of memories: Different theories are used for the understandings of the functions of the memory systems. Those theories are based on the neurology and physiology. The memory function is mainly based on the encoding of the past events, information and storing and recalling and retrieving of the past events. There are different functions of the memory systems those are focused on the physiological theories and neurology theories (Ayer, 1956). These functions of memory systems are given bellow: Encoding of the Memory Consolidation of the Memory Storing of the Memory Retrieving / recalling of the past events or memories 4.1 Memory Encoding: The sense of the perception of the event of bio logical at the starting level is known as the encoding of the memory. For encoding of the process events the attention is required. The memorable events are required for the encoding of the memories. Memorable events are the main cause of the following three issues: the people firing again and again, making intension of the past experiences and the like hood increment of the desired event (Ayer, 1956) Those are included in the memories of encoding of the events. Hippocampus is an important part of the encoding of the events. The inputs are analyzed because of the hippocampus. The emotions are also included in the encoding function of the memories. The emotion increases and extends the attention of the events to the people. The encoding process is also known as the walking through of the past experiences, events, information and data (Weldon, 2001). It creates the long term memories systems. The event processing causes to the real sensation of the events. The encoding refers to the poor remembering of the events. It the imaginer level of the events. 4.2 Memory Consolidation: Consolidation of the events is the important and discussed function of the memories systems (Woozley, 1949). After the encoding stage known as the first or initial accusation of the events, the memories are needed to make stable to the events in the memories of the people. So the process of the stabilization of the memories is known as the memories consolidation. The consolidation process is considered as the part or element of the encoding of the events or the storing of the past experiences, events and information (Woozley, 1949). It is a mental processing unit of the memories systems. The consolidation of the memories is done into the different two types of the activities. Those are the following activities: Consolidation of synaptic of the memories Consolidation of the systems of the memories The synaptic consolidation process starts with finishing of the encoding or learning after first few hours. On the other hand, the systems consolidation process includes the hippocampus dependent memories (Laird, 1920). It is the process of memories systems to become self-sufficient and lasting of the remembered for the future period of the events keeping in mind. The consolidation helps the memories increasing of the strength for remembering of the events and larger transmutation of the events and information. 4.3 Memory Storage: Storage of the events in the brain is the main issue point of the memories systems. The retention of the information or retrieving of the past events is the definition of the storage of the events (Wood and Byatt 2008). The storing function is the defined process of the human memories function. It is the function mainly used in the both of the stable long term memories, short term memories or sensor memories. Performing better is termed useful in the storing of the memories. It is the function retained in the long term memories systems of the functions of the memories. The events occurred in the past and happened but this function indicates the recording, storing of the events and kept in the memories used in the later period. 4.4 Memory Recall/Retrieval: The last step of the memories functions is the recalling and retrieving of the memory of events (Audi, 1998). The reassessment of the information of past and past events and past experiences and past facts are included in the function of the recalling or retrieving of the past events and experiences. Reconstruction of the information is termed as the retrieving of the past events (Kandel, 2009). Activation of the neurons is included in the retrieval function. In the retrieval process activation of the network and strength are required for the recalling of the memories. Neural network recognition is part of the recalling function of the memories systems. 5. Conclusion From the above analysis, it can be said that, memory is a crucial part of a human body. Every parts of the human body has its own definite and well-structured task that the parts perform smoothly. Like the other parts, memory has its own functions and these functions are storing information, recalling, past incidents and day to day practices. On the other hand, memeroy is quite related but distinctive to learning in many ways. It is also evident that, learning is helpful for the performance of the functions of the memory. There are two types of memories inlcuding short-term memory and long-term memory. The function of short memory is to remember incidents, facts, past things and so on for a very short period. After that the whole incident has been deleted automatically. Whereas, the long-term memory is opposite of the short-term memory. The function of this very part is to remember things for a long term period. This can be done either consciously by repeating the task again and agai n or by subconsciously that does not need to remember forcefully. To understand the functions of the memories several doctrines and theroies are used. According to the theories, the functions of memory are encoding, consolidation, storing and recalling. Encoding of the memory means the feelings of the perception of the event of biological at the starting level. After the encoding of the memories comes the function of consolidation. In this process the events are stabilized. The retention of the memory is another function. In this function, the events are stored for future in case of any need. The last and the most important one is recalling. This function reminds the person of about something that has been stored earlier. Overall, it is for sure that, storage is more or less passive source of retaining information from the brain in both short term and logn term memory. References: Ayer, A.J. (1956), The Problem of Knowledge, Harmondsworth: Penguin. Auyang, S. (2001), Mind in Everyday Life and Cognitive Science, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Basden, H., Basden, R.and Sean, H. (2000), Applied Cognitive Psychology, Chicago: Chicago University Press. Bartlett, C. (1932), A study in experimental and social psychology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Don, L. (1971), Memory, London: Macmillan. Fukuda, K. and Vogel, E. (2010), Visual short term memory serves as a gateway to long term memory. Journal of Vision10 (7), pp.730-730 Izquierdo, I. (1998). Short- and long-term memory,Behavioral Pharmacology, 9(1), p.S46. Jarrod, L. (2011). Long-term memory supports the retention, preservation, and prioritization of short-term memory. Front. Hum. Neurosis. 5. John, L. (1920), A Study in Realism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kandel, E. (2009). The Long and Short of Long Term Memory. GBM Annual Spring meeting Mosbach 2009 (Spring). Kwint, Marius (1999), Material Memories, Oxford: Berg. Mengistu, A. (2007), The Language of Memory in a Cross linguistic Perspective, Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Michael, L. (1992), Symmetry, Causality, Mind, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Robert, A. (1998), Epistemology, London: Routledge. Woozley, A.D. (1949), Theory of Knowledge: An Introduction, London: Hutchinson. Wood, H.H. and Byatt, A.S. (2008), Memory: An Anthology, London: Chatto and Windus. Yates, A. and Frances, B. (1966), The Art of Memory, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Analysis of Act Three Scene Five of William Shakespeares Romeo and Jul

Analysis of Act Three Scene Five of William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare's 'Romeo and Juliet' is a dramatic tragedy, and was first performed in 1595. The novel is about two young lovers, Romeo & Juliet and the struggle with their relationship. Romeo and Juliet are from opposing families, the Montagues and the Capulets. The conflict between their two families causes problems for their love of one another. Shakespeare's main themes throughout the play are of love, conflict and of youth versus age. The scene that we are analysing, Act 3 Scene 5 is one of the most important scenes in the novel. This is mainly because; the character of Juliet is developed tremendously. Juliet's feelings and thoughts are shown more in this scene than in any other. Other reasons why the scene is important are that we get to the see the huge gap in the relationship of Juliet and her mother, and also we get to see other sides of the characters. One other way of getting across Romeo and Juliet's struggle is the way Shakespeare uses fate. Everything seems to happen to them because of something they did earlier. For example, because Romeo killed Tybalt, Juliet's parents want her to marry Paris. The audience feels more sorrow for the young couple because everything seems to be happening to them, although all they want is top be in love. Shakespeare's use of dramatic irony is very prominent in Act 3 Scene 5, and also throughout the play. When Lady Capulet tells her daughter Juliet "Shall happily make thee there a joyful bride," she is telling her that she is going to marry Paris. The dramatic irony in this is that the audience knows that she cannot marry Paris because she is already married to Romeo. This ... ...es of the play because Shakespeare uses contrast a lot to keep the audience interested. Another way in which Shakespeare uses contrast is with the character of the nurse. She shifts her opinion on Romeo very quickly. Here she is talking about Paris "A lovely gentleman." She also says that Romeo could never compare to him. Like Lord Capulet her mood changes very quickly. In Act 2 Scene 5, it was the nurse who organised Juliet's marriage and honeymoon. Then now she decides she does not like Romeo. This shows how the nurse's mood changes very quickly. She does not seem to understand Juliet's love for Romeo. This makes the audience feel bad for Juliet; it makes them more involved in the atmosphere of the scene. The strongest contrast in this scene is between the idyllic and loveliness of Romeo and Juliet's world and the angry world of her parents. Analysis of Act Three Scene Five of William Shakespeare's Romeo and Jul Analysis of Act Three Scene Five of William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare's 'Romeo and Juliet' is a dramatic tragedy, and was first performed in 1595. The novel is about two young lovers, Romeo & Juliet and the struggle with their relationship. Romeo and Juliet are from opposing families, the Montagues and the Capulets. The conflict between their two families causes problems for their love of one another. Shakespeare's main themes throughout the play are of love, conflict and of youth versus age. The scene that we are analysing, Act 3 Scene 5 is one of the most important scenes in the novel. This is mainly because; the character of Juliet is developed tremendously. Juliet's feelings and thoughts are shown more in this scene than in any other. Other reasons why the scene is important are that we get to the see the huge gap in the relationship of Juliet and her mother, and also we get to see other sides of the characters. One other way of getting across Romeo and Juliet's struggle is the way Shakespeare uses fate. Everything seems to happen to them because of something they did earlier. For example, because Romeo killed Tybalt, Juliet's parents want her to marry Paris. The audience feels more sorrow for the young couple because everything seems to be happening to them, although all they want is top be in love. Shakespeare's use of dramatic irony is very prominent in Act 3 Scene 5, and also throughout the play. When Lady Capulet tells her daughter Juliet "Shall happily make thee there a joyful bride," she is telling her that she is going to marry Paris. The dramatic irony in this is that the audience knows that she cannot marry Paris because she is already married to Romeo. This ... ...es of the play because Shakespeare uses contrast a lot to keep the audience interested. Another way in which Shakespeare uses contrast is with the character of the nurse. She shifts her opinion on Romeo very quickly. Here she is talking about Paris "A lovely gentleman." She also says that Romeo could never compare to him. Like Lord Capulet her mood changes very quickly. In Act 2 Scene 5, it was the nurse who organised Juliet's marriage and honeymoon. Then now she decides she does not like Romeo. This shows how the nurse's mood changes very quickly. She does not seem to understand Juliet's love for Romeo. This makes the audience feel bad for Juliet; it makes them more involved in the atmosphere of the scene. The strongest contrast in this scene is between the idyllic and loveliness of Romeo and Juliet's world and the angry world of her parents.

My Blind Friend Taught Me to See Essay -- Friendship Essay

How My Blind Friend Taught Me to See "Life is either a daring adventure or nothing."Â   Helen Keller Twelve years ago, at the birthday party of a friend, was the first time I met somebody my own age who had a disability. He was tall for his age, thin, and wore eyeglasses, just like I did. It was this commonality that initially attracted me to him, since I didn't know very many kindergartners who wore glasses. I had begun wearing glasses to correct a case of strabismus at age two, and was able to see perfectly when I put them on. However, I was not aware of the fact that his glasses did very little to sharpen his vision, and that he was legally blind. On the last day of second grade, at the unofficial annual picnic at Westland Hills Park, we became good friends. As we moved from the swings to the jungle gym to the sprinklers, I realized how much we truly had in common. We enjoyed the same things: Legos, swimming and being Cub Scouts. Throughout third grade, we spent nearly every weekend together. During this time, though I had been informed of his disability, I never made...

Benefits of IFRS Essay

IFRS will enable US bank to compete globally; more than one hundred countries in the world are already using IFRS. This is because more than sixty percent of investors in US operate foreign stocks with foreign banks and other companies which use IFRS. Therefore, if US bank fail to switch to IFRS, transparency and comparability will reduce for US issuers and investors (Silver, 2009). Furthermore, US exchanges such as the NYSE have been gradually losing their position as the place where worldwide companies list their shares. This being the case, the US bank has been affected since foreign investors now prefer investing their wealth in other banks where the accounting standards are not as strict is in the US. To avoid losing investment opportunities and lagging behind the current developments in the field of accounting, US bank does have to switch to IFRS. Comparing the annual report of Rabobank with that of Wells Fargo bank shows how IFRS reduces financial reporting into smaller and less complicated documents. The 2009 annual report of Rabobank were complied in a 61 (Rabobank, 2010) pages document while that of Wells Fargo were documented in 196 pages (Wells Fargo, 2010). This implies that IFRS summarizes financial reporting more than thrice of the GAAP accounting standards. It is also evident from the annual reports of the two banks that IFRS provides more comprehensive historical information regarding the performance of the bank over the past five years(the case of Rabobank) while GAAP only gives the present and previous year’s figures. This makes IFRS more effective since the stakeholders, management and investors can be able to track the financial position of the bank at a glance so that which is very important for future palming (IASCF, 2009). Adopting IFRS will make reporting for most banks in US easier since it will reduce the complexities of comparing financial statements from different subsidiaries across the globe. It will also facilitate internal consistency and streamline all operations, auditing, reporting standards, training and company standards (Articles Base, 2009). For instance, Rabobank applies IFRS on its financial reporting. This has greatly improved the efficiency of the bank since it operates in more than forty countries around the world. Following the bank’s annual reports since 2004, the total net profit calculated using IFRS was higher by 15 million Euros as compared to the same when calculated with GAAP (Rabobank Nederland, 2005). This difference was majorly due to the benefits of reclassifications of interest income under IFRS. This is because under the IFRS accounting standards, several interests are no longer consolidated and this results to lesser third-party interests (Rabobank Nederland, 2005) Disincentives of adopting IFRS IFRS accounting standards are less detailed as compared to GAAP; GAAP is more complex and based on rules while IFRS is based on principles. Adoption of IFRS will reduce the quality of financial reporting because most of the rules applied for GAAP have been let-out in IFRS—while IFRS principles fit in a single two-inch thick book, GAAP standards fit in a nine-inch thick book—this indicates that the details and reporting requirements of IFRS are fewer and compressed (IASCF, 2009). Adoption of IFRS implies that banks will incur additional costs: training staff on IFRS standards and also initial conversion costs which will be paid to advisors and auditors (Articles Base, 2009). Considering the format of the annual reports of the two banks, it is evident that IFRS eliminates many items from the annual report and presents only the consolidated financial position of the bank. Information eliminated from Rabobank’s 2009 financial reports include the vision, mission and goals of the organization, financial reviews, the report from independent registered public accounting firm and reports on stock performances; however this information is provided in Wells Fargo 2009 annual report.